In order to reduce the influence of error coming from installation of communication terminals and pointing error of maneuvering targets in underwater working environment, the structure of underwater optical communication system was given. The light spot recognition and positioning algorithm based on intelligent bubble elimination was proposed. The effect of bubbles on link stability of underwater optical communication was well solved. The simulation results show that the algorithm has good robustness. Considering the characteristics of low attenuation in blue and green spectrum under water, an emission scheme of six lamps (central wavelength λ=450 nm) based on beam combination was designed, and a link model based on error parameters was proposed. In the simulation channel environmentof pure sea water, the experimental results show that the receiving power of the receiver was more than -20 dBm through 50 m channel attenuation when the distribution of transmitted light intensity was the flat-top and the divergence angle was less than 10°. Meanwhile, the eye diagram opened well. Otherwise, the performance dropped sharply.