[1] Johnson L F, Guggenheim H J. Infrared-pumped visible laser[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 19, 44-47(1971).

[2] Dong H, Sun L D, Feng W et al. Versatile spectral and lifetime multiplexing nanoplatform with excitation orthogonalized upconversion luminescence[J]. ACS Nano, 11, 3289-3297(2017).

[3] Rinkel T, Raj A N, Dühnen S et al. Synthesis of 10 nm β-NaYF4∶ Yb, Er/NaYF4 core/shell upconversion nanocrystals with 5 nm particle cores[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 55, 1164-1167(2016).

[4] Han S Y, Qin X, An Z F et al. Multicolour synthesis in lanthanide-doped nanocrystals through cation exchange in water[J]. Nature Communications, 7, 1-7(2016).

[5] Dong H, Sun L D, Yan C H. Basic understanding of the lanthanide related upconversion emissions[J]. Nanoscale, 5, 5703-5714(2013).

[6] Deng R R, Qin F, Chen R F et al. Temporal full-colour tuning through non-steady-state upconversion[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 10, 237-242(2015).

[7] Ding B B, Peng H Y, Qian H S et al. Unique upconversion core-shell nanoparticles with tunable fluorescence synthesized by a sequential growth process[J]. Advanced Materials Interfaces, 3, 1500649(2016).

[8] Wang F, Deng R R, Liu X G. Preparation of core-shell NaGdF4 nanoparticles doped with luminescent lanthanide ions to be used as upconversion-based probes[J]. Nature Protocols, 9, 1634-1644(2014).

[9] Fikouras A H, Schubert M, Karl M et al. Non-obstructive intracellular nanolasers[J]. Nature Communications, 9, 4817(2018).

[10] Liu Y W, Teitelboim A, Fernandez-Bravo A et al. Controlled assembly of upconverting nanoparticles for low-threshold microlasers and their imaging in scattering media[J]. ACS Nano, 14, 1508-1519(2020).

[11] Yoshida H, Yamashita Y, Kuwabara M et al. A 342-nm ultraviolet AlGaN multiple-quantum-well laser diode[J]. Nature Photonics, 2, 551-554(2008).

[12] Hou C C, Chen H M, Zhang J C et al. Near-infrared and mid-infrared semiconductor broadband light emitters[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 7, 17170(2018).

[13] Razeghi M. High-power laser diodes based on InGaAsP alloys[J]. Nature, 369, 631-633(1994).

[14] Ponce F A, Bour D P. Nitride-based semiconductors for blue and green light-emitting devices[J]. Nature, 386, 351-359(1997).

[15] Hulicius E. Semiconductor lasers for medical applications[J]. Lasers for Medical Applications, 222-250(2013).

[16] Susilo N, Hagedorn S, Jaeger D et al. AlGaN-based deep UV LEDs grown on sputtered and high temperature annealed AlN/sapphire[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 112, 041110(2018).

[17] Sun Y, Zhou K, Sun Q et al. Room-temperature continuous-wave electrically injected InGaN-based laser directly grown on Si[J]. Nature Photonics, 10, 595-599(2016).

[18] Tran B T, Hirayama H. Growth andfabrication of high external quantum efficiency AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode grown on pattern Si substrate[J]. Scientific Reports, 7, 12176(2017).

[19] Zhang W F, Zhu H, Yu S F et al. Observation of lasing emission from carbon nanodots in organic solvents[J]. Advanced Materials, 24, 2263-2267(2012).

[20] Zhu H, Zhang W F, Yu S F. Realization of lasing emission from graphene quantum dots using titanium dioxide nanoparticles as light scatterers[J]. Nanoscale, 5, 1797-1802(2013).

[21] Zhang W F, Jin L M, Yu S F et al. Wide-bandwidth lasing from C-dot/epoxy nanocomposite Fabry-Perot cavities with ultralow threshold[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2, 1525-1531(2014).

[22] Zhu H, Su S C, Yu S F et al. Ultravioletlasing characteristics of ZnS microbelt lasers[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 19, 1501705(2013).

[23] Xu X H, Zhang W F, Jin L M et al. Random lasing in Eu 3+doped borate glass-ceramic embedded with Ag nanoparticles under direct three-photon excitation[J]. Nanoscale, 7, 16246-16250(2015).

[24] Fan F J. VoznyyO, Sabatini R P, et al. Continuous-wave lasing in colloidal quantum dot solids enabled by facet-selective epitaxy[J]. Nature, 544, 75-79(2017).

[25] Grim J Q. Christodoulou S, di Stasio F, et al. Continuous-wave biexciton lasing at room temperature using solution-processed quantum wells[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 9, 891-895(2014).

[26] Samuel I D W, Turnbull G A. Organic semiconductor lasers[M]. //Organic semiconductors. Berlin: Verlag Chemie(2007).

[27] Zhou W, Dridi M, Suh J Y et al. Lasing action in strongly coupled plasmonic nanocavity arrays[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 8, 506-511(2013).

[28] Haider G, Lin H I, Yadav K et al. A highly-efficient single segment white random laser[J]. ACS Nano, 12, 11847-11859(2018).

[29] Schuck P J, Willets K A, Fromm D P et al. A novel fluorophore for two-photon-excited single-molecule fluorescence[J]. Chemical Physics, 318, 7-11(2005).

[30] Carlos L D. Ferreira R A S. Bermudez and SJL ribeiro[J]. Advanced Materials, 21, 509-534(2009).

[31] Wang F, Liu X G. Recent advances in the chemistry of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 38, 976-989(2009).

[32] Gu B, Zhang Q C. Recent advances on functionalized upconversion nanoparticles for detection of small molecules and ions in biosystems[J]. Advanced Science, 5, 1700609(2018).

[33] Wu S, Han G, Milliron D J et al. Non-blinking and photostable upconverted luminescence from single lanthanide-doped nanocrystals[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 10917-10921(2009).

[34] Haase M, Schäfer H. Upconverting nanoparticles[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 50, 5808-5829(2011).

[35] Sun L D, Wang Y F, Yan C H. Paradigms and challenges for bioapplication of rare earth upconversion luminescent nanoparticles: small size and tunable emission/excitation spectra[J]. Accounts of Chemical Research, 47, 1001-1009(2014).

[36] Qiu X M. Research on new rare earth laser materials[D]. Shanghai: Fudan University(2008).

[37] Zhu H, Chen X, Jin L M et al. Amplified spontaneous emission and lasing from lanthanide-doped up-conversion nanocrystals[J]. ACS Nano, 7, 11420-11426(2013).

[38] Xu X H, Zhang W F, Yang D C et al. Phonon-assisted population inversion in lanthanide-doped upconversion Ba2LaF7Nanocrystals in glass-ceramics[J]. Advanced Materials, 28, 8045-8050(2016).

[39] Wang T, Siu C K, Yu H et al. Influence of plasmonic effect on the upconversion emission characteristics of NaYF4 hexagonal microrods[J]. Inorganic Chemistry: A Research Journal that Includes Bioinorganic, Catalytic, Organometallic, Solid-State, and Synthetic Chemistry and Reaction Dynamics(2018).

[40] Armani D K, Kippenberg T J, Spillane S M et al. Ultralow-threshold, continuous-wave upconverting lasing from subwavelength plasmons[J]. Nature, 421, 925-928(2003).

[42] Chen X, Jin L M, Kong W et al. Confining energy migration in upconversion nanoparticles towards deep ultraviolet lasing[J]. Nature Communications, 7, 10304(2016).

[43] Chen X, Jin L M, Sun T Y et al. Energymigration upconversion in Ce(III)-doped heterogeneous core-shell-shell nanoparticles[J]. Small, 13, 1701479(2017).

[44] Jin L M, Wu Y K, Wang Y J et al. Mass-manufactural lanthanide-based ultraviolet B microlasers[J]. Advanced Materials, 31, 1807079(2019).

[45] Fernandez-Bravo A, Yao K Y, Barnard E S et al. Continuous-wave upconverting nanoparticle microlasers[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 13, 572-577(2018).

[46] Bian WJ, Lin Y, Wang T et al. Direct identification of surface defects and their influence on the optical characteristics of upconversion nanoparticles[J]. ACS Nano, 12, 3623-3628(2018).

[47] Fernandez-Bravo A, Yao K Y, Barnard E S et al. Continuous-wave upconverting nanoparticle microlasers[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 13, 572-577(2018).

[48] Du Y Y, Wang Y F, Deng Z Q et al. Blue-pumped deep ultraviolet lasing from lanthanide-doped Lu6O5F8 upconversion nanocrystals[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 8, 1900968(2020).