Xuejun Zhang. Progress on Space Optics Manufacturing: From Aspheres to Freeforms[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2023, 43(8): 0822009

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- Acta Optica Sinica
- Vol. 43, Issue 8, 0822009 (2023)

Fig. 1. Performance comparison between SiC ceramic and other mirror materials
![Applications of SiC mirrors in space optical systems. (a) Herschel telescope[3]; (b) ALADIN telescope[4]; (c) Gaia telescope[5]; (d) EO-1[6]](/richHtml/gxxb/2023/43/8/0822009/img_02.jpg)
Fig. 2. Applications of SiC mirrors in space optical systems. (a) Herschel telescope[3]; (b) ALADIN telescope[4]; (c) Gaia telescope[5]; (d) EO-1[6]
![Development process of large aperture SiC mirrors in CIOMP[7]](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 3. Development process of large aperture SiC mirrors in CIOMP[7]
![Application comparison of ULE lightweight mirrors and SiC mirrors[8]. (a) Hubble space telescope primary mirror; (b) CSST primary mirror; (c) ultra-lightweight SiC mirror](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 4. Application comparison of ULE lightweight mirrors and SiC mirrors[8]. (a) Hubble space telescope primary mirror; (b) CSST primary mirror; (c) ultra-lightweight SiC mirror

Fig. 5. RC optical system structure and the relationship between the ratio of tube length to focal length and aberration coefficient. (a) RC optical system structure; (b) RC system tube length to focal length ratio and aberration coefficient curve
![Optical layout of Korsch TMA system[10]](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 6. Optical layout of Korsch TMA system[10]

Fig. 7. Effect of central obscuration on point spread function of optical system

Fig. 8. Designed structures based on off-axis TMA. (a) Off-axis TMA with first image plane; (b) off-axis TMA without first image plane

Fig. 9. Optical structure of high resolution camera for Mars exploration in China and comparison with similar foreign cameras

Fig. 10. Optical structure of Chinese space station telescope

Fig. 11. Optical structure of GF-6 camera

Fig. 12. Development trend of normalized frequency of space optical system

Fig. 13. Sampling of optical system
![Large aspheric mirror manufacturing equipment of Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences[19]](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 14. Large aspheric mirror manufacturing equipment of Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences[19]
![KDMRF polishing machine developed by National University of Defense Technology[20]](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 15. KDMRF polishing machine developed by National University of Defense Technology[20]
![CIOMP 4 m large-aperture complex curved surface full-link integrated manufacturing system[7]. (a) Mirror blank preparation system; (b) aspheric processing system; (c) aspheric measurement system; (d) aspheric coating system](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 16. CIOMP 4 m large-aperture complex curved surface full-link integrated manufacturing system[7]. (a) Mirror blank preparation system; (b) aspheric processing system; (c) aspheric measurement system; (d) aspheric coating system

Fig. 17. Traditional technical process route based on small tool polishing

Fig. 18. Combined process route based on CCOS + MRF + IBF
![Processing results of 1.5 m off-axis parabolic mirror[21]](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 19. Processing results of 1.5 m off-axis parabolic mirror[21]
![Processing time of each process of 1.5 m off-axis parabolic mirror[21]](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 20. Processing time of each process of 1.5 m off-axis parabolic mirror[21]
![Comparison of imaging results before and after COSTAR installation of Hubble space telescope[24]](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 21. Comparison of imaging results before and after COSTAR installation of Hubble space telescope[24]
![Sub-aperture planning and measurement results using sub-aperture stitching method[25]](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 22. Sub-aperture planning and measurement results using sub-aperture stitching method[25]
![Residual distribution of the comparison between two methods[25]. (a) Full aperture measurement results after splicing; (b) refractive compensator measurement results; (c) residuals of the two measurement results](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 23. Residual distribution of the comparison between two methods[25]. (a) Full aperture measurement results after splicing; (b) refractive compensator measurement results; (c) residuals of the two measurement results
![Measurement results of refractive compensator[26]. (a) Measurement results of refractive compensator; (b) measurement results of computer-generated holography](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 24. Measurement results of refractive compensator[26]. (a) Measurement results of refractive compensator; (b) measurement results of computer-generated holography
![Common reference alignment scheme for primary and tertiary mirrors of off-axis three-mirror system by CGH[27]](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 25. Common reference alignment scheme for primary and tertiary mirrors of off-axis three-mirror system by CGH[27]
![Scene photo and interferograms of primary and tertiary mirrors common reference assembly[27]](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 26. Scene photo and interferograms of primary and tertiary mirrors common reference assembly[27]
![Principle of interference test and distribution of diffraction area[28]](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 27. Principle of interference test and distribution of diffraction area[28]
![Surface measurement results of the second and fourth mirrors[28]](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 28. Surface measurement results of the second and fourth mirrors[28]

Fig. 29. Consistency verification results of optical facility primary mirror
![Mechanical arm optical processing equipment of CIOMP[29]. (a)(b) Mechanical arm CCOS equipment; (c)(d) mechanical arm MRF polishing equipment](/Images/icon/loading.gif)
Fig. 30. Mechanical arm optical processing equipment of CIOMP[29]. (a)(b) Mechanical arm CCOS equipment; (c)(d) mechanical arm MRF polishing equipment
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Table 1. Basic properties and specific stiffness of common reflector materials
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Table 2. Main research and development institution and their manufacturing capabilities of large-aperture aspheric mirrors in the world

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