Chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers combine the advantages of infrared chalcogenide glass and microstructured optical fibers, which have great applications in the fields of molecular structure identification in infrared fingerprint region, trace gas detection, deep space detection, infrared laser transmission and so on. In this paper, the research progress of infrared chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers is introduced in three aspects: structure classification, application characteristics and fabrication technology. The future development of chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers is also prospected.