Author Affiliations
1Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China3ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Schematic of outdoor VLC system
Fig. 2. Influences of different factors on background light power. (a) Bandwidth of filter; (b) receiving FOV
Fig. 3. Common formation flying types
[18]. (a) Trailing; (b) cluster; (c) constellation
Fig. 4. Geometric relationship of formation flying model
Fig. 5. Design flow chart of orbital elements of formation flying satellite
Fig. 6. Two-satellite formation flying model based on STK
Fig. 7. Schematic of inter-satellite VLC link
Fig. 8. Solar angles of formation flying satellites. (a) F-1; (b) F-2
Fig. 9. Variations of solar angles of formation flying satellites within one year. (a) F-1; (b) F-2
Fig. 10. Distributions of background light powers in critical cases. (a) 5.92° solar angle incidence; (b) illuminance distribution of detector
Fig. 11. Background light powers at different solar angles
Fig. 12. BER as a function of SNR under different modulation schemes
Fig. 13. Performance analysis in deep space scenes. (a) Transmitting power as a function of transmission distance under different BERs; (b) BER as a function of transmitting power at different transmitting and receiving angles when transmission distance is 20 km
Fig. 14. Schematic of SIMO-VLC system for inter-satellite link
Fig. 15. BER as a function of transmitting power under different diversity detection schemes
Fig. 16. BER as a function of transmission distance under EGC merging algorithm
Object | α /km | e /10-4 | i /(°) | w /(°) | Ω /(°) | f /(°) |
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Leader | 6978.14 | 0 | 97.7924 | 0 | 234.066 | 0 | F-1 | 6978.14 | 7.1776 | 97.7924 | 179.9890 | 234.066 | 180.017 | F-2 | 6978.14 | 7.1776 | 97.7924 | 59.7659 | 234.066 | 300.169 |
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Table 1. Orbital elements of two-satellite formation flying model
ISL | /km | /km | /km | /(°) |
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Leader to F-1 | 10.75 | 5.33 | 8.50 | 5.92 | Leader to F-2 | 10.74 | 5.33 | 8.53 | 51.65 | F-1 to F-2 | 17.37 | 8.68 | 13.39 | 28.43 |
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Table 2. Key parameters of inter-satellite link
Parameter | Value |
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Peak wavelength of LED λ /nm | 650 | Half power angle of LED /(°) | 1 | Bandwidth /MHz | 300 | Modulation scheme | 8-PPM | Photodiode responsivity /(A·W-1) | 0.53 | Field of view at receiver /(°) | 5 | Refractive index of a lens at a PD | 1.5 | Gain of an optical filter Ts(ψ) /dB | 1 | Detector physical area of a PD /(A·m-2) | 0.62 | Noise equivalent power of receiver /(pW·Hz-1/2) | 0.02 | Input current noise density /(pA·Hz-1/2) | 3.7 | Absolute temperature /K | 298 | Load resistance /kΩ | 10 | Other propagation losses /dB | 2 |
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Table 3. Simulation parameters of inter-satellite VLC link