Author Affiliations
1College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China2Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India3CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2700, USA4Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Light Propagation and Transformation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Geometry of sources, scattering plane, observation plane, and propagation system.
Fig. 2. Simulations of intensity pattern prior to the diffuser when the polarizer orientation is 45°. The topological charges of the vortex beams are 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
Fig. 3. Experimental setup for measuring the topological charge of the vortex beams from laser speckle. Laser, He–Ne laser; MO, microscope objective; P, pinhole; , , and , lens; HWP, half-wave plate; BS, beam splitter; M, mirror; SLM, spatial light modulator; GG, ground glass; CCD, charge coupled device.
Fig. 4. Experimental results and numerical simulations of the Fourier transform of the cross-covariance for the vortex beam with topological charge 1. (a)–(d) are the experimental results for rotation angles of polarizer 0°, 45°, 90°, and −45°. (e)–(h) are the simulations corresponding to (a)–(d), respectively.
Fig. 5. Experimental results and numerical simulations of the Fourier transform of the cross-covariance for vortex beam case without a polarizer. (a)–(c) are the experimental results for topological charges 1, 2, and 3. (d)–(f) are the simulations corresponding to (a)–(c), respectively.