The abuse of new psychoactive substances seriously endangers social stability and personal physical and mental health, and brings great difficulties to law enforcement due to its characteristics of camouflage, deceptiveness and fashion. Therefore, we developed a portable handheld Raman spectrometer based on a large numerical aperture lens (F/#=2.0) and transmissive volume phase grating. In addition, we conducted a systematic Raman spectrum test on 32 newly non-medicinal narcotic and psychotropic drug added by the ministry of public security, then established the corresponding Raman database. This research work will provide powerful reference and basis for anti-drug law enforcement.