Katarzyna Liliana Batani, Marcia R. D. Rodrigues, Aldo Bonasera, Mattia Cipriani, Fabrizio Consoli, Francesco Filippi, Massimiliano M. Scisciò, Lorenzo Giuffrida, Vasiliki Kantarelou, Stanislav Stancek, Roberto Lera, Jose Antonio Pérez-Hernández, Luca Volpe, I. C. Edmond Turcu, Matteo Passoni, Davide Vavassori, David Dellasega, Alessandro Maffini, Marine Huault, Howel Larreur, Louis Sayo, Thomas Carriere, Philippe Nicolai, Didier Raffestin, Diluka Singappuli, Dimitri Batani, "Generation of radioisotopes for medical applications using high-repetition, high-intensity lasers," High Power Laser Sci. Eng. 13, 01000e11 (2025)
- High Power Laser Science and Engineering
- Vol. 13, Issue 1, 01000e11 (2025)
Fig. 1. Scheme of the experimental setup. In the configuration with the BNH6 catcher, the pitcher–catcher distance was 2 cm, the catcher–CR39 distance was 52 cm and the angle between laser propagation and catcher normal was 50°. The TNSA shielding prevented protons and other ions emitted from the pitcher reaching the CR39.
Fig. 2. Energy calibration of the HPGe detector: (left) channel–energy relation; (right) superposition of the spectra obtained with the radioactive sources.
Fig. 3. Activity calibration line showing the peak detection efficiency 
as a function of γ-ray photon energy (considering counts recorded during a 5-min acquisition).
as a function of γ-ray photon energy (considering counts recorded during a 5-min acquisition). Fig. 4. γ-ray detector sensitivity variation while displacing the sources in the vertical direction with respect to the detector.
Fig. 5. γ-ray detector sensitivity variation while displacing the sources in the horizontal direction with respect to the detector.
Fig. 6. Compton shoulder in the spectrum recorded with the 137Cs source having a single-line source at 662 keV in logarithmic scale.
Fig. 7. γ-ray spectrum recorded from a BNH6 (ammonia borane) pellet irradiated with 31 laser shots (accumulation time over 100 min).
Fig. 8. Count decay in time of the 511 keV line from the irradiated BNH6 (ammonia borane) pellet. The time 0 in this graph corresponds to the beginning of the measurement with the HPGe detector, typically about half an hour after the end of the irradiation (due to the time needed to vent the chamber, extract the sample and insert it in the HPGe detector).
Fig. 9. (Left) Recorded γ-ray spectrum at 
The line at 1669 keV corresponds to the simultaneous absorption of photons at 1157 keV and 511 keV. (Right) Decay of the emission line at 1157 keV with time.
The line at 1669 keV corresponds to the simultaneous absorption of photons at 1157 keV and 511 keV. (Right) Decay of the emission line at 1157 keV with time. Fig. 10. (Left) Accumulated γ-ray spectrum from the Ca2SiO4 sample in the range 350 keV < 
43Sc and 7Be γ-ray emission lines are superimposed to the Compton shoulder. (Right) The same after removing the Compton shoulder and after smoothing. The sample was irradiated for 33 min, and the measurement was accumulated over 225 min.
43Sc and 7Be γ-ray emission lines are superimposed to the Compton shoulder. (Right) The same after removing the Compton shoulder and after smoothing. The sample was irradiated for 33 min, and the measurement was accumulated over 225 min.
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Table 1. Calculation of the activity corresponding to each γ-ray energy in the spectra emitted by the calibration sources.
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Table 2. Production and decay chain for the scandium radioisotopes observed in our experiment.
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Table 3. Abundance of stable isotopes of calcium (except 48Ca, which is practically stable with a lifetime of 6.4 
1019 years).
1019 years). 
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