The dual frequency Doppler wind lidar based on Fabry-Perot (F-P) etalon quad-edge technique is studied. The principle of wind speed measurement by using F-P etalon four edges and two frequencies is analyzed briefly. The system structure of the dual frequency Doppler wind lidar based on F-P etalon quad-edge technique is decribed in detail. Several parameters, such as the two-frequency interval of outgoing laser, the incident beam divergence angle, the effective aperture of the etalon, and the reflectivity of etalon plates are optimized thoroughly. According to the selected system parameters, the detection performance of the Doppler lidar system is simulated. The simulation results show that on sunny weather conditions, within ±25 m/s radial velocity measurement dynamic range, the system can achieve 8 km height at nighttime and 6.5 km height at daytime when the laser elevation is 60°, the spatial and temporal resolution are 60 m and 1 min, to meet the radial wind velocity measurement error less than 2 m/s. The overall system performance at nighttime is significantly better than that of Doppler wind lidar system based on F-P etalon double-edge technique. Meanwhile, the system′s detection performance is greatly influenced by the sky background noise. Therefore, the system should be working during the day with a narrow bandwidth filter to improve the detection performance of the system.