Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder which is characterized by the occurrence of unprovoked and recurrent spontaneous seizures. Kainic acid (KA), a neurotoxin, was stereotaxically injected into the right hippocampus of rats to induce the post-status epilepticus (SE) model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Then the neurons in CA1 subregion of the hippocampus in the post-SE rats were detected by synchrotron radiation based-Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (SR-FTIR) at 24 hour after status epilepticus, determining the distribution and concentration of main biochemical molecules in the epileptic neurons. The infrared imaging of the biological molecules showed that the protein and lipid functional groups (bands at: 1 655 cm-1, 2 800~3 000 cm-1) were mainly localized in the cell body of the control CA1 neuron, whereas exhibited intracellular low concentration but high concentration in the region surrounding the cell body in the epileptic neurons of the hippocampal CA1 subregion. Moreover, the nucleic acid functional groups (bands at: 1 055~1 054 cm-1) were mainly located in the cell body of neurons in the control and epilepsy rats, and there was no significant difference in the distribution and concentration of the nucleic acid functional groups between the control and epileptic neurons. Additionally, the secondary derivative spectra for amide Ⅰ (assigned to 1 655 cm-1) in the CA1 neurons showed that there was an additional negative peak near 1 653 cm-1 in the epileptic hippocampus compared to the control neuron. These findings suggested that the disorders of biochemical composition in the hippocampal neurons in epilepsy rats emerge earlier than their morphological damages.