In order to investigate effect of temperature and plasma environment change on charging level of spacecraft surface dielectric materials, the developed surface charging synthetic experimental system for dielectric materials of spacecraft, which is temperature controllable, is used to carry out surface charging experiment of polyimide materials. Results show that when temperature is constant, the surface charging balance potential of polyimide increases gradually with increasing of beam current density, and when the beam density is constant, it decreases gradually with increasing of temperature. When temperature ranges from 243 K to 363 K, the greater the beam density is, the smaller the effect of temperature change on polyimide surface charging balance potential will be. When the temperature ranges from 243 K to 273 K, the greater the beam density is, the greater the effect of temperature change on polyimide surface charge balance potential will be.