Using the sensitive characteristic of fiber grating, the standard thread steel bar has been measured in our experiments. The data measured by FBG and resistance strain chip are compared with their theoretical values. The measured strain sensitivity of FBG2 is 15.647 με/kN approaching to the theoretical value 15.680 με/kN, and the strain sensitivity of resistance strain chip is only 14.162 με/kN. Moreover, an applied method to measure the elasticity modulus of material by FBG is proposed. Measured value of FBG2 is 2.03× 105MPa equal to the standard value of elasticity modulus of material. The results indicate that the measurement of fiber grating is more effective and exact compared with the resistance strain chip as a strain measurement instrument.