Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technology was applied to detect fluororubber materials with different degrees of thermal damages to acquire the time-domain spectrum, frequency-domain spectrum and absorption spectrum of each sample in 0.4-1 THz band. The experimental results showed that the terahertz spectrum of fluororubber materials was between -382 ps and -376 ps. Further comparison and fitting analysis of the maximum value, peak-to-peak value, and absorption coefficient of terahertz characteristic spectrum of different degrees of thermal damage samples indicated that these values had good linear relationships with the temperature of the thermal damage, in which the correlation coefficient could reach 0.9614. The results could provide a reference for terahertz nondestructive identification and quantitative detection of thermal damage for fluororubber materials.