Expanding the new space for marine aquaculture and carrying out deep-sea aquaculture is of great significance for the improvement of China’s offshore ecological environment, the guarantee of food security, the effective use of marine resources, and marine sovereignty. In this study, 180 mariculture species (120 species of fish and 60 species of bivalves) were analyzed. Through the comparison of the temperature tolerance range of each species and the sea surface temperature range of the study area, the species-to-geographical area matching was achieved. Then the average GPI (growth performance index) values of fish and bivalves at various locations in the sea area were obtained. By further restricting on conditions such as offshore distance and depth based on threshold distance, the potential of deep-sea aquaculture in China was quantitative analyzed. The results are that in the areas where the evaluation conditions are met: (1) For fish, the suitable areas for the Bohai and Yellow Sea (BYS), East China Sea (ECS), and South China Sea (SCS) are 19.98, 76.29, and 81.69 10⁴ km²; for bivalves, the suitable areas of the Bohai and Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 3.02, 4.17, and 2.03 10⁴ km² respectively. (2) With regard to different sea areas, fish aquaculture can be given priority in the East China Sea and South China Sea; however, the potential value of fish aquaculture in the Bohai and Yellow Sea is the largest, and fish aquaculture in the later stage needs to be more carefully planned and sited to select areas with large potential values as much as possible; bivalve aquaculture can give priority to the South China Sea. (3) With regard to different depths: fish can be preferentially considered for deeper sea areas; and bivalves are suitable for breeding in offshore areas that are closer to the shore and shallower in depth. According to the evaluation results of breeding potential, sea spatial planning can be carried out to provide some reference for management departments and aquaculture enterprises.