The atmospheric aerosol PM2.5 is the main factor in the formation of atmospheric haze, and has become the chief pollutant in most cities of China. Atmospheric particulate PM2.5 sample collection in Zhengzhou, China is carried out for almost one week before the eve of the 2014 Spring Festival . By using the partial least squares (PLS) multivariate quantitative analysis model, attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) of the water-soluble ions SO2－4, NO－3 and NH+4 in Zhengzhou is analyzed, and the results are compared with those of ion chromatography(IC). The pollution characteristics and trend of SO2－4, NO－3 and NH+4 before the eve of the 2014 Spring Festival in Zhengzhou are analyzed, and the pollution sources of aerosol are preliminarily determined.