An object distance-aided single-station pose information acquisition method is proposed to solve unstable or non-convergence problems existed in minimum-to-long-distance single-station pose measurements on the premise that the object distance of a feature point can be obtained. First, an equivalent method of continuous discretization of object surface is proposed to calculate image length. Second, a single-station perspective pose measurement model is established using image length as the matching element. Then, the algorithm is tested and verified considering barrel as an example. Finally, the error analysis is conduct for the key factors. The results show that the relative root mean square errors of yaw and pitch angles are 0.97° and 0.90°, respectively. The proposed method can be extended to the single-station pose measurement of the non-axisymmetric objects revolving around aircrafts.