As a fundamental procedure of machine vision inspection, whether high-quality images can be acquired directly affects the difficulty of subsequent detection algorithm design and the object recognition ability. The light source and illumination mode are critical components of image acquisition. Common illumination modes with fixed light sources include backlighting, vertical lighting, coaxial lighting, etc., which are not suitable for surfaces with subtle targets, highlights, complex textures and embossed printing in special inspection scenes. For coarse-grained reflective surfaces, there is a local reflection phenomenon directly utilizing a general light source. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel image acquisition method based on random speckle projection to avoid fixing the light field direction. A series of random speckle patterns are designed to project on the coarse-grained reflective surface through active projection illumination, and a set of images with random light field distribution are obtained by a camera. The abundant information of the acquired images is used to suppress the reflection, and a fused image with uniform light intensity and a high signal-to-noise ratio is generated according to the mean fusion method. Aiming at the problem of perspective distortion during speckle projection, a perspective distortion correction method of the random speckle image is proposed to achieve efficient speckle projection with uniform density. Specifically, an oblique projection geometric model along the perspective distortion direction is established by introducing a projection distortion factor and projection image scale ratio and analyzing the relationship of two parameters and the projector inclined angle and its throw ratio. Compared with the traditional perspective distortion correction method of the projection transformation matrix, the proposed method does not need to rely on feature point calibration, and it is simpler and more practical. This paper takes the surface of zinc oxide resistors as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. We design and build an image acquisition system that involves a programmable structured light projector, a camera matched lens, detection supports and a computer, which can realize the rapid cycling of image projection and image acquisition. The experimental results show that our method suppresses the local reflection on the surface of the workpiece to a large extent, and the details of the surface texture and scratches of the workpiece are recorded more abundantly in the fusion image. Compared with the general ring light source, the image gray histogram and contrast show an advantage of our method during image quality evaluation, which significantly improves the image contrast by 1.33~2.75 times and lays a good foundation for the subsequent image detection algorithm design.