Fig. 1. Design drawing of 3D-printing fiber grating strain sensor with clamped
Fig. 2. The physical of 3D-printing fiber grating strain sensor with clamped
Fig. 3. Analysis of the forces on the micro elements symmetric with the x-axis
Fig. 4. The deformation coordination condition of each part of the microelement which is symmetric with the x-axis
Fig. 5. Effect of elastic modulus of 3D-printing on strain transmissibility
Fig. 6. Effect of 3D-printing layer thickness on strain transmissibility
Fig. 7. Effect of fiber bond length on strain transmissibility
Fig. 8. Effect of the elastic modulus of 3D-printing packaging layer on the average strain transmissibility
Fig. 9. Effect of encapsulation layer thickness on average strain transmissibility
Fig. 10. Effect of fiber bond length on average strain transmissibility
Fig. 11. Calibration test and 3D-printing fiber grating strain sensor with clamped
Fig. 12. Calibration of 3D-printing fiber grating strain sensor
Fig. 13. Three times load test of 3D-printing fiber grating strain sensor
Fig. 14. Three times unload test of 3D-printing fiber grating strain sensor
Parameter type | Dimension parameters/mm |
---|
Gauge length | 70 | Length of the grating | 25 | Length of reserved hole in grating area | 30 | Diameter of reserved hole in grating area | 2 | Length of adhesive section | 20 | Sensor diameter | 5 | Diameter of hole reserved for loose casing | 2 | Depth of hole reserved for loose casing | 3 | Inside diameter of capillary tube | 0.4 | Outer diameter of capillary tube | 0.5 |
|
Table 1. 3D-printing fiber Bragg grating strain sensor dimensions
Parameter | Unit | Symbol | Value |
---|
Elastic modulus of optical fiber | MPa | Eg | 7.2×104 | Elastic modulus of 3D-printing layer | MPa | Ep | 4 000 | Poisson's ratio of 3D-printing layer | | μ | 0.394 | Radius of optical fiber | μm | Rg | 62.5 | 3D-printing layer thickness | mm | rm | 2.5 | Bond length of optical fiber | mm | L | 30 |
|
Table 2. Physical and mechanical parameters of optical fiber and 3D-printing protective layer
Elastic modulus/MPa | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900 | 1 000 | 1 100 |
---|
Mean strain transmissibility/% | 92.73 | 94.55 | 95.64 | 96.37 | 96.89 | 97.28 | 97.58 | 97.82 | 98.02 |
|
Table 3. Average strain transmissibility of elastic modulus of different 3D-printing packaging layers
Package thickness/mm | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
---|
Mean strain transmissibility/% | 92.734 | 92.730 | 92.723 | 92.716 | 92.708 | 92.700 | 92.692 | 92.685 | 92.678 |
|
Table 4. Average strain transmissibility of different 3D-printing encapsulation thickness
Parameter | Value |
---|
Bond length of optical fiber/mm | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | Mean strain transmissibility/% | 35.81 | 74.88 | 84.62 | 88.84 | 91.19 | 92.70 | 93.76 | 94.55 | 95.15 |
|
Table 5. Average strain transmissibility of different fiber bond lengths
Sensor parameter | The original wavelength/mm | Calibration experiment wavelength formula ![]() ![]() | Sensor sensitivity coefficient ![]() ![]()
|
---|
PLA-5 mm | 1 555.525 | ![]() ![]() | 5.00 |
|
Table 6. Sensing characteristics of 3D-printing fiber Bragg grating strain sensor
Sensor parameter | Strain of steel plate | Wavelength/nm | Fitting wavelength/nm | Absolute value of deviation/nm |
---|
PLA-5 mm | 142.857 | 1 563.661 | 1 563.657 | 0.003 | 214.286 | 1 563.685 | 1 563.686 | 0.001 | 285.714 | 1 563.708 | 1 563.714 | 0.006 | 357.143 | 1 563.734 | 1 563.743 | 0.009 | 428.571 | 1 563.759 | 1 563.771 | 0.013 | 500.000 | 1 563.785 | 1 563.800 | 0.015 | 571.429 | 1 563.818 | 1 563.829 | 0.010 | 642.857 | 1 563.845 | 1 563.857 | 0.012 | 714.286 | 1 563.879 | 1 563.886 | 0.007 | 785.714 | 1 563.909 | 1 563.914 | 0.005 | 857.143 | 1 563.939 | 1 563.943 | 0.004 |
|
Table 7. Linearity of 3D-printing fiber grating strain sensor
Sensor parameter | Strain of steel plate | Loaded wavelength/nm | Unloading wavelength/m | Absolute value of deviation/nm |
---|
PLA-5 mm | 142.857 | 1 563.661 | 1 563.659 | 0.002 | 214.286 | 1 563.685 | 1 563.683 | 0.002 | 285.714 | 1 563.708 | 1 563.712 | 0.005 | 357.143 | 1 563.734 | 1 563.740 | 0.006 | 428.571 | 1 563.759 | 1 563.763 | 0.004 | 500.000 | 1 563.785 | 1 563.789 | 0.004 | 571.429 | 1 563.818 | 1 563.818 | 0.000 | 642.857 | 1 563.845 | 1 563.851 | 0.006 | 714.286 | 1 563.879 | 1 563.882 | 0.003 | 785.714 | 1 563.909 | 1 563.906 | 0.004 | 857.143 | 1 563.939 | 1 563.939 | 0.000 |
|
Table 8. Hysteresis of 3D-printing fiber Bragg grating strain sensor
Sensor parameter | Loading situation | Wavelength/nm | The average wavelength/nm | Absolute value of deviation/nm | Data standard deviation/nm |
---|
PLA-5 mm | Cycle 1 upload | 1 563.708 | 1 563.710 | 0.002 4 | 0.005 4 | Cycle 1 download | 1 563.712 | 0.001 6 | Cycle 2 upload | 1 563.710 | 0.000 4 | Cycle 2 download | 1 563.710 | 0.000 4 | Cycle 3 upload | 1 563.714 | 0.003 6 | Cycle 3 download | 1 563.709 | 0.001 4 |
|
Table 9. Repeatability of 3D-printing fiber Bragg grating strain sensor