• Laser & Optoelectronics Progress
  • Vol. 59, Issue 4, 0410017 (2022)
Jingqian Qiao and Liang Zhang*
Author Affiliations
  • College of Electronic Information and Automation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/LOP202259.0410017 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Jingqian Qiao, Liang Zhang. X-Ray Object Detection Based on Pyramid Convolution and Strip Pooling[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(4): 0410017 Copy Citation Text show less
    Gauss heat map of central key points. (a) Example 1; (b) example 2; (c) example 3; (d) example 4
    Fig. 1. Gauss heat map of central key points. (a) Example 1; (b) example 2; (c) example 3; (d) example 4
    CenterNet detection algorithm
    Fig. 2. CenterNet detection algorithm
    Structure of Hourglass-104
    Fig. 3. Structure of Hourglass-104
    Standard convolution and Pyramid convolution
    Fig. 4. Standard convolution and Pyramid convolution
    Pyramid convolution kernel structure and pyramid convolution residual block structure. (a) Shallow layer pyramid convolution;(b) shallow middle layer pyramid convolution; (c) middle layer pyramid convolution; (d) deep layer pyramid convolution; (e) pyramid convolution residual block
    Fig. 5. Pyramid convolution kernel structure and pyramid convolution residual block structure. (a) Shallow layer pyramid convolution;(b) shallow middle layer pyramid convolution; (c) middle layer pyramid convolution; (d) deep layer pyramid convolution; (e) pyramid convolution residual block
    Pyramid Hourglass-104 network structure
    Fig. 6. Pyramid Hourglass-104 network structure
    Strip pooling module
    Fig. 7. Strip pooling module
    Strip pooling head. (a) Sharing scheme; (b) unshared scheme
    Fig. 8. Strip pooling head. (a) Sharing scheme; (b) unshared scheme
    SIXray_OD dataset.(a) Example 1; (b) example 2; (c) example 3; (d) example 4
    Fig. 9. SIXray_OD dataset.(a) Example 1; (b) example 2; (c) example 3; (d) example 4
    Comparison of detection results. (a) CenterNet; (b) proposed algorithm
    Fig. 10. Comparison of detection results. (a) CenterNet; (b) proposed algorithm
    CategoryKnifeScissorsWrenchGunPliersTotal
    Number of images12488927231608234881812869744
    Table 1. Statistics of SIXray_OD dataset
    NetworkBackbonemAP50 /%
    SSDVGG1671.89
    YOLOv3DarkNet-5364.34
    Faster R-CNNVGG1678.41
    CenterNetHourglass-10486.6
    Table 2. Comparative experimental results of different detection networks
    ExperimentPy_Hourglass_104Strip poolingIoU lossAP /%
    mAP50GunKnifePliersWrenchScissors
    CenterNet86.695.6990.4488.2183.6275.04
    Experiment 187.396.0091.2388.6584.5376.09
    Experiment 287.596.2191.1689.1284.0776.94
    Experiment 387.495.8690.6489.5485.7275.25
    Experiment 488.096.3891.1289.8685.9276.73
    Experiment 587.796.1291.5389.0585.1876.62
    Experiment 687.996.1591.8589.2485.1077.06
    Experiment 788.396.4091.8889.9085.9077.43
    Table 3. Ablation experimental results of each improvement point
    SchemePyramid convolution residual block used
    Scheme 1[shallow、shallow middle、shallow middle,middle、deep]
    Scheme 2[shallow、shallow、shallow middle、shallow middle、deep]
    Scheme 3[shallow、shallow、shallow middle、middle、deep]
    Table 4. Pyramid convolution scheme
    ExperimentScheme 1Scheme 2Scheme 3mAP50 /%
    CenterNet86.6
    Experiment 187.3
    Experiment 287.0
    Experiment 386.9
    Table 5. Comparison results of different pyramid convolution schemes
    ExperimentDaDmAP50 /%
    CenterNet86.6
    Experiment 187.3
    Experiment 284.7
    Experiment 387.0
    Table 6. Experimental results of pyramid convolution using position comparison
    ExperimentBackbonePreprocessing subnetStrip pooling head 1Strip pooling head 2mAP50 /%
    No86.6
    Experiment 185.6
    Experiment 286.4
    Experiment 387.4
    Experiment 487.8
    Table 7. Experimental results of strip pooling using position comparison
    Jingqian Qiao, Liang Zhang. X-Ray Object Detection Based on Pyramid Convolution and Strip Pooling[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(4): 0410017
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