Single-photon sources in solid-state materials are a class of quantum light source that generate single-photon radiation through point defects or excitons in solid-state materials. Due to advantages such as high stability, ease of operation, high integrability, and high efficiency, the single-photon source has a wide application prospect in fields such as quantum information processing, quantum sensing, and quantum optics. First, the research systematically classifies different types of single-photon sources in novel solid-state materials, compares their respective advantages and limitations. Furthermore, it focuses on common strategies for modulating the performance of single-photon sources, such as strain engineering, temperature control, electric field tuning, and surface plasmon coupling. Additionally, the latest progress and challenges in integrating single-photon sources in novel solid-state materials into photonic chips are discussed, along with application examples in quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum key distribution. Finally, current issues and future development directions in this research field are summarized, aiming to provide a comprehensive and concise overview of single-photon sources in novel solid-state materials.