The paper aims to obtain the characteristic wavelengths of moso bamboo leaves damaged by Pantana phyllostachysae chao, with which the pest can be identified effectively and accurately. 105 hyperspectral data collected in Shunchang County, Fujian Province were randomly divided into two groups, i.e. the experimental group (71) and verificantion group (34). Selecting wavelengths which were highly significant differences between different pest levels group by One-way ANOVA. The wavelengths were screened by combining the wave band of the commonly used remote sensing satellite. The ability to discriminate between the pests of the selected wavelengths was analyzed by the Euclidean distance method, spectral angle mapping method and correlation coefficient method. According to the analysis results, the characteristic wavelengths were obtained and verified. The results showed that: (1) the spectral reflectance of moso bamboo leaves damaged by P. phyllostachysae were significantly lower than that of healthy leaves, and the higher the pest level is, the lower the reflectance will be; (2) with the increase in pest level, the spectral reflectance curves’ “green peak” and “red balley” of Pinus massoniana gradually disappeared, and the red edge was leveled; (3) the characteristic wavelengths of 703.43~898.56 nm (original spectrum) and 497.68~540.72, 554.53~585.25, 596.24~618.23 nm (first derivative spectrum) were determined, which had good response ability at different pest levels. Our findings will not only provide the theoretical guidliances for “ground-space” coupling, but also provide important basis for establishing the system of pest remote sensing monitoring technology.