• Infrared and Laser Engineering
  • Vol. 50, Issue 3, 20210079 (2021)
Jiawei Qiu1, Zhen Zhang2, Saifen Yu2, Tianwen Wei2, Jinlong Yuan2, and Haiyun Xia1、2
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjin University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
  • 2School of Earth and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/IRLA20210079 Cite this Article
    Jiawei Qiu, Zhen Zhang, Saifen Yu, Tianwen Wei, Jinlong Yuan, Haiyun Xia. Development of 1.5 μm lidar for atmospheric detection(Invited)[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2021, 50(3): 20210079 Copy Citation Text show less
    System layout of the up-conversion single-photon lidar
    Fig. 1. System layout of the up-conversion single-photon lidar
    (a) Continuous aerosol echo signal detection results; (b) record of factory emission during the night
    Fig. 2. (a) Continuous aerosol echo signal detection results; (b) record of factory emission during the night
    Comparison between the up-conversion single-photon detector(UCD) and the InGaAs APD
    Fig. 3. Comparison between the up-conversion single-photon detector(UCD) and the InGaAs APD
    Schematic of the frequency up-conversion Doppler wind lidar
    Fig. 4. Schematic of the frequency up-conversion Doppler wind lidar
    (a) Transmission and reflection curves of FPI; (b) Frequency response functions measured over nine weeks and one typical Voigt fitting curve
    Fig. 5. (a) Transmission and reflection curves of FPI; (b) Frequency response functions measured over nine weeks and one typical Voigt fitting curve
    Forty-eight-hour observation of atmospheric wind and visibility. (a) Horizontal wind speed; (b) Horizontal direction
    Fig. 6. Forty-eight-hour observation of atmospheric wind and visibility. (a) Horizontal wind speed; (b) Horizontal direction
    Double-edge technique that adopts: (a) a double-channel FPI; (b) a dual-frequency laser pulse
    Fig. 7. Double-edge technique that adopts: (a) a double-channel FPI; (b) a dual-frequency laser pulse
    One-hour observation results (a) zonal wind, (b) meridional wind, (c) horizontal wind speed, and (d) horizontal wind direction
    Fig. 8. One-hour observation results (a) zonal wind, (b) meridional wind, (c) horizontal wind speed, and (d) horizontal wind direction
    (a) Optical layout of the superconduction polarization lidar; (b) calibration layout of the lidar receiver
    Fig. 9. (a) Optical layout of the superconduction polarization lidar; (b) calibration layout of the lidar receiver
    48 h continuous polarization lidar measurement results of (a) backscattering intensity and (b) the LDR
    Fig. 10. 48 h continuous polarization lidar measurement results of (a) backscattering intensity and (b) the LDR
    Experimental setup (a) and photo (b) of the 1.5 μm lidar using free running InGaAs/InP SPD
    Fig. 11. Experimental setup (a) and photo (b) of the 1.5 μm lidar using free running InGaAs/InP SPD
    Range corrected signal of multi-layer clouds using the MMF receiver
    Fig. 12. Range corrected signal of multi-layer clouds using the MMF receiver
    Single-photon distributed free-space spectroscopy. (a) Optical layout; (b) Schematic of lights propagating in the atmosphere; (c) Time sequence of the time-division multiplexing technique
    Fig. 13. Single-photon distributed free-space spectroscopy. (a) Optical layout; (b) Schematic of lights propagating in the atmosphere; (c) Time sequence of the time-division multiplexing technique
    Backscattering signals and spectra. (a) The probe signal; (b) Reference signal without gas absorption; (c) Optical depth at different distance; (d) Lorentz fitting of the range-resolved spectrum at 4 km
    Fig. 14. Backscattering signals and spectra. (a) The probe signal; (b) Reference signal without gas absorption; (c) Optical depth at different distance; (d) Lorentz fitting of the range-resolved spectrum at 4 km
    Results of continuous observation. (a) CO2 concentration; (b) HDO concentration; (c) CNR; (d) Horizontal wind speed; (e) horizontal wind direction; (f) Point CO2 detector concentration comparison
    Fig. 15. Results of continuous observation. (a) CO2 concentration; (b) HDO concentration; (c) CNR; (d) Horizontal wind speed; (e) horizontal wind direction; (f) Point CO2 detector concentration comparison
    (a) Optical layout of the polarization coherent Doppler lidar; (b) Optical layout of calibration
    Fig. 16. (a) Optical layout of the polarization coherent Doppler lidar; (b) Optical layout of calibration
    Wind velocity retrieved from both S and P states backscattering by single balanced detector
    Fig. 17. Wind velocity retrieved from both S and P states backscattering by single balanced detector
    (a) CNR distribution of S states, (b) CNR distribution of P states and (c) distribution of depolarization ratio measured by the polarization CDL
    Fig. 18. (a) CNR distribution of S states, (b) CNR distribution of P states and (c) distribution of depolarization ratio measured by the polarization CDL
    Optical layout of the coding CDWL. CW, continuous-wave laser; AOM, acoustic–optic modulator; EOM, electro-optic modulator; AWG, arbitrary waveform generator; EDFA, erbium-doped fiber amplifier; BS, beam splitter; BD, balanced detector; ADC, analog-to-digital converter
    Fig. 19. Optical layout of the coding CDWL. CW, continuous-wave laser; AOM, acoustic–optic modulator; EOM, electro-optic modulator; AWG, arbitrary waveform generator; EDFA, erbium-doped fiber amplifier; BS, beam splitter; BD, balanced detector; ADC, analog-to-digital converter
    Laser pulse sequence. (a) Golay coding seed laser output; (b) Amplified laser sequence without feedback control; (c) Modulated Golay coding seed laser output; (d) Amplified laser sequence output with feedback control; (e) Enlarged waveform of (d)
    Fig. 20. Laser pulse sequence. (a) Golay coding seed laser output; (b) Amplified laser sequence without feedback control; (c) Modulated Golay coding seed laser output; (d) Amplified laser sequence output with feedback control; (e) Enlarged waveform of (d)
    Power spectra distribution of (a) noncoding CDWL; (b) Golay coding CDWL
    Fig. 21. Power spectra distribution of (a) noncoding CDWL; (b) Golay coding CDWL
    Identification procedure of cloud, precipitation, turbulence, and wind shear
    Fig. 22. Identification procedure of cloud, precipitation, turbulence, and wind shear
    A precipitation process observed by the CDWL during 19-20 September 2019. (a) CNR; (b) Spectrum width; (c) Skewness; (d) Horizontal wind speed; (e) Horizontal wind direction; (f) Vertical wind speed; (g) log10(TKEDR); (h) Shear intensity
    Fig. 23. A precipitation process observed by the CDWL during 19-20 September 2019. (a) CNR; (b) Spectrum width; (c) Skewness; (d) Horizontal wind speed; (e) Horizontal wind direction; (f) Vertical wind speed; (g) log10(TKEDR); (h) Shear intensity
    Identification results of atmospheric conditions
    Fig. 24. Identification results of atmospheric conditions
    Comparisons of the averaged raindrop size distributions between the detection of CDL, MRR and the Parsivel-2. at 600 m Rain rates (a) RR<1 mm/h, (b) 1<RR<10 mm/h conditions
    Fig. 25. Comparisons of the averaged raindrop size distributions between the detection of CDL, MRR and the Parsivel-2. at 600 m Rain rates (a) RR<1 mm/h, (b) 1<RR<10 mm/h conditions
    Separation results of wind and rain. (a) Aerosol spectrum width; (b) Horizontal wind speed; (c) Horizontal wind direction; (d) Vertical wind speed. (e) Rain spectrum width; (f) Horizontal rain speed; (g) Horizontal rain direction; (h) Vertical rain speed
    Fig. 26. Separation results of wind and rain. (a) Aerosol spectrum width; (b) Horizontal wind speed; (c) Horizontal wind direction; (d) Vertical wind speed. (e) Rain spectrum width; (f) Horizontal rain speed; (g) Horizontal rain direction; (h) Vertical rain speed
    Jiawei Qiu, Zhen Zhang, Saifen Yu, Tianwen Wei, Jinlong Yuan, Haiyun Xia. Development of 1.5 μm lidar for atmospheric detection(Invited)[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2021, 50(3): 20210079
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