Based on Pockels effect of LiNbO3 crystal, a retardation-control-type polarization controller (PC) of three wave plates is designed. Creatively using the polarization controller as polarization generator for continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD), the rapid conversion of polarized states is achieved. The proposed communication system uses a single-channel optical signal as a carrier, and the two orthogonal Stokes components as a physical quantity can be observed and encoding controlled. The implementation principle of the proposal is analyzed and verified. An improved simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) is constructed to complete the search of the optimal path for the rapid conversion of polarizated states. The voltage value of the search step is set below 2.5 V, which not only guarantees the applied control voltage gradient and benefits the actual hardware circuit design, but also eliminates the influence of the device structure defects. Control process simulation is carried out to verify the feasibility of the scheme implementation. The actual circuit is suggested to be designed using a digital signal processor (DSP) to complete the entire control process, and further a high-speed information encoding.