Author Affiliations
11. China-Central Asia “the Belt and Road” Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Research, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China22. Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China33. School of Culture Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, Chinashow less
1. Calcium oxide-calcium hydrogen phosphate dispersion in alcohol at concentration of 25%
2. Consolidation mechanism of weathered bones using calcium oxide-calcium hydrogen phosphate dispersion in alcohol as consolidant
3. Color difference of fragile bone samples after consolidation treatment
4. Effects of consolidation way and consolidant ratio on the bone weight increment
5. Effects of consolidation way and consolidant ratio on the bone porosity
6. Effects of consolidation way and consolidant ratio on the bone density
7. Effects of consolidation method and consolidant ratio on surface strength of the bones
8. Morphology of fragile bone sample before consolidation treatment
9. Morphologies of fragile bone samples after consolidation treatments with mass ratios of calcium oxide to calcium hydrogen phosphate at 1 : 1 (a), 1 : 3 (b), 1 : 4 (c), 1 : 5 (d), 1 : 6 (e) and 1 : 7 (f), respectively
10. EDS analysis results of fragile bone samples before and after consolidation treatment
11. Cross-sectional topographies of fragile bone samples before and after consolidation treatments
12. Cross-sectional topographies of fragile bone samples treated by different mass ratios of calcium oxide to calcium hydrogen phosphate
13. XRD results of bones before (a) and after (b) consolidation treatment
14. Effect of consolidant ratio on final product
15. Photos of archaeological bone before (a) and after (b) consolidation treatment
Group | Mass ratio |
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1 : 1 | 1 : 3 | 1 : 4 | 1 : 5 | 1 : 6 | 1 : 7 |
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Brushing | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Soaking | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Dripping | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
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Table 1. Experimental groups of different mass ratios
Element | Weight ratio before consolidation/% | Weight ratio after consolidation/% |
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C | 0 | 5.62 | O | 56.93 | 56.32 | Na | 9.57 | 2.56 | Mg | 0.91 | 1.12 | P | 12.04 | 13.23 | Ca | 20.55 | 21.15 | Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
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Table 2. EDS analysis results of frgile bone before and after consolidation treatment
Ratio of CaO : CaHPO4 | Ca(OH)2 | CaHPO4 | Ca5(PO)4OH
|
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1 : 1 | +++ | - | ++ | 1 : 3 | - | - | ++++ | 1 : 4 | - | ++ | +++ | 1 : 5 | - | +++ | ++ | 1 : 6 | - | +++ | + | 1 : 7 | - | ++++ | + |
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Table 3. Phases of produts under different consolidant ratios