The propagation characteristics of lightwave in spatial and temporal domains are reviewed, and a general analogy of spatial diffraction and temporal dispersion is presented in details. By using the transformation pairs of spatial location and time, wave number and dispersion parameter, some more general expressions, such as spot size/wavefront curvature and pulse-width/chirps, space-angle spectrum product and time-bandwidth product, spatial Fresnel number and temporal Fresnel number, focal length of lens and focusing time, are derived.