A Bragg grating/graphene/metallic thin film-type optical structure is prepared to enhance light absorption in graphene, and the optical propagation properties of the structure are investigated using the transfer matrix and finite-difference time-domain methods. The light-graphene interaction can be effectively enhanced using strongly confined Tamm plasmon polaritons formed between the Bragg grating and metallic film. Thus, an approximately 36-fold increase could be observed in the near-infrared light absorption of the graphene. Additionally, the dependence of graphene absorption on the Bragg grating period number, graphene position, angle of incident light, thickness of the Bragg grating layers, and chemical potential of the graphene is investigated. The results show that the wavelength and efficiency of light absorption in graphene can be controlled by adjusting the aforementioned physical parameters. The results of this study provide a new pathway for realizing high-performance graphene devices, especially photodetectors.