A novel method for particulate matter mass concentration measurement has been proposed based on a multi-wavelength lidar covering the ultraviolet to the near infrared spectra. The proposed method combined extinction coefficients at working wavelengths with quantity of mass extinction efficiency (MEE), which is defined as the ratio of extinction coefficient and mass concentration of particulate matter in unit volume, makes the mass concentration of particulate matter retrievable. To determine the values of the MEE, a mathematical model was developed based on the extinction efficiency data of certain wavelength reported with the Mie theory and the particle size distribution data derived from a multi-wavelength lidar. Retrieved results of mass concentration from two experimental cases with clear and fog/haze weather conditions, which s in line with the monitoring results at the ground level reported by the Environmental Agency. The proposed method invert the recent problem on aerosol sources monitoring and open new lidar capabilities on atmospheric research.