Multi-angle and polarized remote sensing can solve the problems such as atmospheric sounding and target recognition which cannot be solved by traditional methods. To implement the multi-angle detection of aerosol polarizing information, a new type of multi-angle polarimeter is proposed. This polarimeter can obtain polarizing spectral signals of the atmosphere on different angles, which provides a measured data source for the precise retrieval of the optical and microphysical characteristics of the atmosphere. As the principle prototype of a spaceborne instrument, the opto-mechanical system of the multi-angle polarimeter is composed of multi-channel parallel telescopic optical modules to realize the multi-angle detection of polarizing information within a view-field range of 110° and a sampling interval of 0.5°. With the design of dual controlling units and high-speed communication interfaces of the sampling control and data transporting system, the synchro-sampling and real-time transportation of the polarizing signals on multi-spectral channels has been fulfilled even on a high-speed platform, which eliminates the measurement errors brought in by platform movement and asynchronous acquisition of multi-channel signals. The on-flight experimental results show that this instrument can realize the high-precision measurement of aerosol polarizing information.