Author Affiliations
School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Spectrum of atmospheric backscattering signal
Fig. 2. Raman backscattering coefficients of N2 and H2O with excitation wavelengths of 354.7 nm and 266.0 nm
Fig. 3. (a) Extinction coefficient profiles and atmospheric transmissivity in standard atmosphere model, and (b) product between Raman backscattering coefficient and atmospheric transmissivity when excitation wavelengths are 354.7 nm and 266.0 nm
Fig. 4. (a) Ozone absorption coefficients for two kinds of ultraviolet wavelengths; (b) diurnal variation rule of ozone hourly concentrated in Xi’an main city
Fig. 5. (a) Ozone absorption of atmospheric two-way transmissivity during daytime and nighttime; (b) product between Raman backscattering coefficient and atmospheric transmissivity at 266.0 nm and 354.7 nm bands when ozone attenuation is considered
Fig. 6. (a) Polychromator at 54.7 nm; (b) polychromator at 266.0 nm
Fig. 7. Solar illumination spectra along normal directions on top of atmospheric layer and surface of earth
Fig. 8. Atmospheric backscattering ratio Rb for standard atmospheric model and cloud model
Fig. 9. (a) Clear and (b) cloudy daytime signal-to-noise ratio of N2 and H2O of two ultraviolet wavelengths
Molecule k | Raman frequency shift /cm-1 | Raman central wavelength /nm | /(cm2·sr-1) | /(cm2·sr-1) |
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| | Excitation wavelength 354.7 nm | Excitation wavelength 266.0 nm |
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O2 | 1555 | 375.8 | 277.5 | 2.25×10-30 | 1.24×10-29 | N2 | 2331 | 386.7 | 283.6 | 2.8×10-30 | 9.68×10-30 | H2O | 3652 | 407.8 | 294.6 | 6.2×10-3 | 2.28×10-29 |
|
Table 1. Vibration Raman frequency shift, Raman central wavelength, and backscattering cross section of O2, N2, and H2O with excitation wavelengths of 354.7 nm and 266.0 nm
Raman channel k | Sb() /(W·m-2·nm-1) | Sb() /(W·m-2·nm-1) | Pb() /(10-14 J) | Pb() /(10-8 J) |
---|
O2 | 0 | 0.4551 | 0 | 1.069 | N2 | 1.46×10-19 | 0.4685 | 0 | 1.100 | H2O | 1.6×10-6 | 0.8849 | 3.757 | 2.078 |
|
Table 2. Sun irradiation background noises at 266.0 nm and 354.7 nm of all Raman channels of Raman lidar
Wave range of transmission and receiving system /nm | Nd∶YAG laser | Pulse energy /mJ | Pulse repetition frequency /Hz | Pulse width /ns | Detector | Quantum efficiency /% |
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354.7 | Injection-seeded | 500 | 10 | 10 | Hamamatsu R3896 | 26 | 266.0 | Injection-seeded | 150 | 10 | 10 | Hamamatsu R3896 | 29 |
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Table 3. Parameters of 354.7 nm and 266.0 nm Raman lidar system