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    Journals >Resources Science >Volume 42 >Issue 8 >Page 1439 > Article
    • Resources Science
    • Vol. 42, Issue 8, 1439 (2020)
    A review and prospects of the supply security of strategic key minerals
    Qiaosheng WU, Na ZHOU*, and Jinhua CHENG
    Author Affiliations
  • School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
    • show less
    DOI: 10.18402/resci.2020.08.01 Cite this Article
    Qiaosheng WU, Na ZHOU, Jinhua CHENG. A review and prospects of the supply security of strategic key minerals[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(8): 1439 Copy Citation Text show less
    List of critical minerals of selected countries
    Fig. 1. List of critical minerals of selected countries
    Download full size | View in the Article
    A loop of resource supply and demand adjustment[84]
    Fig. 2. A loop of resource supply and demand adjustment[84]
    Download full size | View in the Article
    Rare earth supply strategies in selected countries
    Fig. 3. Rare earth supply strategies in selected countries
    Download full size | View in the Article
    代表文献评价矿种数战略性或关键矿种数具体矿种评价维度
    供给风险脆弱性生态风险
    NRC[28]115锰、铌、铟、铂族金属、稀土√√部分使用
    Morley等[29]367锶、银、锡、锑、金、汞、铂族金属√√×
    Buchert等[30]99锂、钴、镓、锗、铟、碲、钽、铂族金属、稀土√××
    EC[31]3013铍、碳、镁、钴、镓、锗、铌、铟、锑、钽、钨、铂族金属、稀土√√√
    DLA[32]349铍、铬、钴、锌、锗、铌、钽、钨、铂族金属√××
    Sarah等[20]2814铍、碳、氟、镁、钴、镓、锗、铌、铟、锑、钽、钨、铂族金属、稀土√√√
    Moss[33]128钒、镓、硒、铌、铟、锡、蹄、稀土√××
    BGS[34]5029氦、锂、铍、碳、镁、钾、锰、钴、锗、砷、溴、锶、铌、钼、银、镉、铟、锡、锑、碘、钽、钨、铼、金、汞、铋、钍、铂族金属、稀土√××
    BGS[35]4021铍、碳、镁、钴、镓、锗、砷、硒、锶、铌、钼、铟、锑、蹄、钡、钽、钨、汞、铋、铂族金属、稀土√××
    Willis等[36]3427锂、铍、氟、镁、硅、钛、铬、锰、钴、镍、锌、镓、锗、锆、铌、银、铟、锡、锑、碲、钽、钨、铼、铅、铋、铂族金属、稀土√××
    DLA[37]3513铍、氟、铝、铬、锰、镓、锗、锡、锑、钽、钨、铋、稀土√××
    Moss等[38]2416碳、钒、铬、钴、镓、锗、铌、铟、锡、碲、铪、钽、铼、金、铂族金属、稀土√×√
    Skirrow等[39]22磷、钾√√×
    EC[40]3817铍、硼、碳、氟、镁、硅、磷、铬、钴、镍、镓、锗、铌、铟、锑、钨、铂族金属√√√
    DLA[41]308铍、镁、铝、锰、锗、锑、钨、稀土√××
    BGS[42]4025锂、铍、碳、氟、镁、钒、钴、镓、锗、砷、硒、锶、钼、银、镉、铟、锑、钡、钽、钨、铼、汞、铋、铂族金属、稀土√××
    Bastein等[43]3710铝、铁、铜、镓、锗、锆、铟、锑、铂族金属、稀土元素√√√
    Hatayama等[44]1917铬、锰、铁、钴、铜、锌、铌、钼、银、铟、锡、钽、钨、金、铅、铂族金属、稀土√√×
    Graedel等[45]4414钪、砷、硒、锆、银、镉、铟、锑、铼、金、汞、铊、铋、铂族金属√√√
    Bortnikov等[46]1818锂、铍、钪、钴、镓、锗、硒、锶、钇、铌、镉、铟、蹄、钽、铼、铊、铋、稀土√√×
    NSTC[47]4711镁、钒、钴、锗、钇、锑、钨、汞、铋、铂族金属、稀土√××
    Schulz等[48]2323锂、铍、碳、氟、钛、钒、锰、钴、镓、锗、硒、锆、铌、铟、锡、锑、蹄、钡、铪、钽、铼、铂族金属、稀土√√√
    EC[22]4324氦、铍、硼、碳、氟、镁、硅、磷、钪、钒、钴、镓、锗、钇、铌、铟、锑、钡、铪、钽、钨、铋、铂族金属、稀土√√√
    McCullough等[49]4719碳、镁、磷、钒、钴、镓、锗、锶、钇、铌、铟、锑、钽、钨、铼、汞、铋、铂族金属、稀土√××
    Fortier等[50]5234氦、锂、铍、碳、氟、镁、铝、钾、钒、铌、钛、钪、铬、锰、钴、镓、锗、锶、砷、锆、铟、锡、锑、蹄、铯、钡、铪、钽、钨、铼、铋、铀、铂族金属、稀土√××
    Table 1. Critical minerals identified in selected studies
    供给风险指标类别具体指标作者/机构数据来源
    地质风险储量可获得性Hatayama等[44]和USGS[69]USGS
    矿产产能利用Rosenau-Tornow等[70]世界金属统计局（World Bureau of Metal Statistics）
    技术风险联产水平Nassar等[71]和Gulley等[72]耶鲁大学
    可再利用性Graedel等[52]和Chapman等[73]联合国环境规划署, Oakdene Hollins and Fraunhofer ISI
    经济风险市场可替代性Chapman等[73]Oakdene Hollins and Fraunhofer ISI
    需求增长Chapman等[73]Oakdene Hollins and Fraunhofer ISI
    历史价格波动USGS[69]USGS;Metals Economics Group
    市场均衡Rosenau-Tornow等[70]多种来源
    矿产资源生产成本Rosenau-Tornow等[70]企业年报
    矿业投资Hatayama等[44]多种来源
    库存水平Rosenau-Tornow等[70]多种来源
    地缘政治风险全球供给集中度Hatayama等[44],Masoudi等[61],Rosenau-Tornow等[70]和Glöser等[74]国家层面数据来源于USGS或UN Comtrade,暂无企业层面的集中度数据源
    政府稳定度Nassar等[71]世界银行
    进口贸易依存度Rosenau-Tornow等[70]和Gulley等[72]地方地质调查或统计机构
    气候变化脆弱性Achzet等[51]和Graedel等[52]德国气候变化咨询委员会
    规制风险环境标准Hsu等[75]和Zhang等[76]耶鲁大学
    政策潜力指数Zhang等[76]和Jackson等[77]Fraser Institute
    贸易壁垒Gulley等[72]政府数据库
    社会风险经济子系统稳定度UNDP[78]联合国环境规划署
    新闻曝光数量Gulley等[72]多种来源
    Table 2. Supply risk indicators of mineral resources in international studies
    政策类型政策工具中国使用情况
    资源保护国家战略性关键矿产战略√
    战略性关键矿产资源动态优选×
    国家储备√
    环境保护影响战略性关键矿产行业发展的环境法律√
    环境税√
    产业发展促进国内勘探和开采√
    促进资源回收利用√
    促进替代品的发展×
    促进生产效率提升√
    加大创新与研发√
    补贴国内生产和加工√
    私人投资许可√
    竞争法/反托拉斯机构√
    外商直接投资许可√
    国家投资担保√
    税收优惠√
    企业技术扶持√
    提高供应链透明度×
    国际贸易资源出口限制√
    非关税壁垒√
    进口补贴√
    双边投资（贸易）协议√
    利用世贸组织争端解决机制√
    Table 3. Supply security policy tools for strategic key minerals and their use in China
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    Qiaosheng WU, Na ZHOU, Jinhua CHENG. A review and prospects of the supply security of strategic key minerals[J]. Resources Science, 2020, 42(8): 1439
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