Reliable assessment of phytoplankton primary productivity is crucial to understanding marine carbon geochemical cycling and the oceanic ecosystem function. As the basis of the marine food web^[1], the carbon sequestration of marine phytoplankton accounts for about 50% of the global phytoplankton primary production and defines the carrying capacity of the aquatic ecosystem^[2]. The monitoring of marine primary productivity has important values for the balance of global CO₂, the early warning of algal bloom and the assessment of marine fishery resources^[3,4,5].