Based on the comprehensive observation data observed in the Beijing southern suburbs observatory, such as aerosol extinction coefficient and particle depolarization ratio obtained from aerosol lidar detection, wind field obtained from Doppler wind lidar, PM10 and ground meteorological elements, we analyse strong sand and dust weather process on May 4-5, 2017. The results show that on the afternoon of May 3, the horizontal wind speed begins to decrease, and the vertical downward airflow appears in the upper air, which are conducive to the dust falling from high altitude to the ground. During 12:00 to 20:00 of May 4, the vertical air flow occurs in the entire height layer from 40 m to 1350 m, and the maximum speed reaches 2 m/s, leading to the spread of low-level dust to high altitude. The three-dimensional distribution of dust is obtained from the lidar product: the initial dust layer height is about 1 km, the mid-term dust height is about 2 km, and the later dust height gets over to be about 1 km. The related coefficient of variation between the extinction coefficient of the lowest observation height of lidar and the variation of ground PM10 concentration is 0.8308. The study shows that the combination of aerosol lidar and wind-measuring lidar can effectively monitor and predict the distribution and diffusion of atmospheric aerosol.