The spatial distribution characteristics of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over Jiangxi were analyzed by using long-term (2007～2014)MODIS/Terra AOD products. It is found that the average AOD varies greatly with locations and presents the increase trend from the south to the north. Among these cities, Nanchang and Jiujiang take the first place in terms of AOD value. At the same time, the mixture status of aerosol layer and cloud layer and the separated status were obtained based on CALIPSO/CALIOP vertical feature mask(VFM) data. Furthermore, the height resolved probability distributions of aerosol and its subtypes, as well as cloud, were calculated. More importantly, maximum probability height (MPH) of aerosol and cloud layers was figured out over Jiangxi Province and the surrounding region. Results indicated that aerosol particles mainly located at vertical levels of 1～3.5 km, and the occurrence frequency of mixture status of aerosol and cloud layers is much higher than that of separated status. During levels between 2～4 km, the highest occurrence frequency of “polluted dust” is in spring, followed by winter, and then summer and autumn. By contrast, the occurrence frequency of “smoke” aerosol is highest in summer, followed sequentially by spring, winter, and autumn. The MPH values of aerosol and cloud, based on nighttime CALIOP data, exhibit large seasonal variation.