The heavy metal elements in aerosol were harm to human health seriously, so it was necessary to in-situ and real-time monitor the heavy metals in atmosphere. Monitoring of aerosol by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system continued one month in South Central University for Nationalities. The distribution of PM10 and spectrum intensity of Be element was obtained in this month. The spectrum of heavy metal by fireworks combustion was obtained by using the monitor system. Qualitative analysis of heavy metal showed that the technology can detect several kinds of heavy metals in aerosol at the same time. Through quantitative analysis of simulated aerosol Cd, Sr, Na, Pb elements calibration curve were obtained. The linear correlation coefficient was more than 0.94. The results provide a new method for real-time online detection of heavy metals in atmospheric aerosol.