A dynamic lighting regulation method is proposed based on a rhythm factor and swarm intelligence algorithm to create a healthy, comfortable, and energy-saving visual display terminal(VDT) light operational environment. First, the lighting model is established according to the operational situation and compensation relation of the VDT workspace. The dynamic illuminance regulation model is established by combining the light demand, the compensation relationship between artificial and natural light sources, and rhythm factor. Then, a hybrid algorithm combining the advantages of particle swarm optimization and the firefly algorithm is proposed, and the idea of elite particles is introduced to improve the hybrid algorithm. Furthermore, the illuminance demand for a certain period, compensation amount of the natural light source, and operational area distribution are applied as the input of the illuminance optimization model. Afterward, the improved algorithm is used to solve the light flux of the artificial light source. The improved algorithm is compared with other algorithms. Consequently, its optimization ability and stability are evidently superior to those of other related algorithms. Experiments demonstrate that the optimized VDT operational space light environment based on the dynamic regulation method has a better visual effect and greater energy savings potential.