Author Affiliations
1 Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Composition and Optical Radiation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China2 University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Schematic of measurement principle of differential light column image motion lidar
Fig. 2. Average SNR of r0 profile denoising with three wavelet bases versus number of decomposition layers under 5% Gauss noise level
Fig. 3. Decomposition results of noisy r0 profile with SNR of 12 dB
Fig. 4. DFA exponent of each layer of IMF
Fig. 5. Denoised atmospheric coherent length profiles obtained by different methods under different Gauss noise levels. (a) 5% Gauss noise; (b) 10% Gauss noise; (c) 15% Gauss noise; (d) 20% Gauss noise
Fig. 6. Retrieved Cn2 profiles before and after denoising under different Gauss noise levels with different methods. (a) 5% Gauss noise; (b) 10% Gauss noise; (c) 15% Gauss noise; (d) 20% Gauss noise
Fig. 7. Undenoised and denoised atmospheric coherent length profiles of DCIM lidar at different time. (a) 19:59:29 on November 9, 2015; (b) 14:40:26 on November 11, 2015; (c) 20:34:50 on November 11, 2015
Fig. 8. Comparison between undenoised and denoised atmospheric coherent length profiles of DCIM lidar and balloon profile at different time. (a) 19:59:29 on November 9, 2015; (b) 14:40:26 on November 11, 2015; (c) 20:34:50 on November 12, 2015
Method | 5% Gauss noise | 10% Gauss noise | 15% Gauss noise | 20% Gauss noise | | | |
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SNR /dB | RMSE /dB | SNR /dB | | | | RMSE /dB | SNR /dB | RMSE /dB | SNR /dB | RMSE /dB |
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Wavelet | 35.0403 | 0.1122 | 30.3897 | 0.1812 | 27.3677 | 0.2771 | 25.4355 | 0.3653 | EMD | 30.5011 | 0.1881 | 25.3290 | 0.3536 | 21.3346 | 0.5406 | 19.5972 | 0.6803 | EEMD | 32.3656 | 0.1523 | 28.1977 | 0.2242 | 25.2832 | 0.3582 | 23.3892 | 0.4563 | Wavelet-EMD | 36.2172 | 0.1091 | 32.1452 | 0.1968 | 29.3074 | 0.2220 | 27.3642 | 0.2905 | Wavelet-trend-EMD | 37.5507 | 0.0972 | 33.2741 | 0.1563 | 31.1308 | 0.1874 | 28.9157 | 0.2492 |
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Table 1. Statistical results of SNR and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of denoised atmospheric coherent length profiles obtained by different methods under different Gauss noise levels
Method | 5% Gauss noise | 10% Gauss noise | 15% Gauss noise | 20% Gauss noise | | | |
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SNR /dB | RMSE /dB | SNR /dB | | | | RMSE /dB | SNR /dB | RMSE /dB | SNR /dB | RMSE /dB |
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Without denoising | 34.6662 | 0.3260 | 33.9578 | 0.3724 | 33.0201 | 0.4103 | 31.6566 | 0.4979 | Wavelet | 36.6117 | 0.2585 | 35.8395 | 0.3025 | 34.9985 | 0.3179 | 33.3922 | 0.3921 | EMD | 35.3218 | 0.3089 | 34.2728 | 0.3582 | 33.5335 | 0.3792 | 31.9287 | 0.4671 | EEMD | 5.7906 | 0.2834 | 34.3851 | 0.3533 | 34.1409 | 0.3556 | 32.1464 | 0.4489 | Wavelet-EMD | 37.0984 | 0.2373 | 36.4147 | 0.2395 | 35.3477 | 0.3075 | 34.4655 | 0.3501 | Wavelet-trend-EMD | 37.7616 | 0.2044 | 36.9076 | 0.2141 | 35.9832 | 0.2893 | 34.8723 | 0.3286 |
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Table 2. Statistical results of SNR and RMSE of Cn2 profile retrieved from undenoised and denoised r0 profile under different gauss noise levels
Method | November 9, 2015 | November 11,2015 | November 12,2015 | | |
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SNR /dB | RMSE /dB | | | SNR /dB | RMSE /dB | SNR /dB | RMSE /dB |
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Without denoising | 29.7723 | 0.5603 | 30.6313 | 0.4531 | 29.5740 | 0.5570 | Wavelet | 30.1182 | 0.5477 | 31.2813 | 0.4205 | 34.9985 | 0.3179 | EMD | 29.9249 | 0.5505 | 30.9940 | 0.4346 | 30.1918 | 0.5187 | EEMD | 29.9632 | 0.5432 | 30.8663 | 0.4410 | 31.1919 | 0.4623 | Wavelet-EMD | 30.2245 | 0.5380 | 31.4912 | 0.4104 | 31.7527 | 0.4334 | Wavelet-trend-EMD | 30.8970 | 0.4922 | 31.8762 | 0.3918 | 32.0745 | 0.4176 |
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Table 3. Undenoised and denoised SNR and RMSE of retrieved Cn2 profiles measured by DCIM lidar