Since the State Council promulgated the “Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Action Plan” and other comprehensive atmospheric control policies in 2013, the concentration of atmospheric pollutants and other important pollutants in eastern China has been effectively controlled. Along with the changes in China’s energy policy and increasing energy development in the northwest region, air pollution also shows an increasing trend, but it has not been paid attention to in previous studies. Compared with ground observation, the monitoring method of satellite remote sensing has the advantages of not being restricted by area, lasting long observation time and monitoring many types of pollutants simultaneously. The spaceborne ultraviolet-visible hyperspectrometer OMI has been in orbit since 2005 and has been widely used in scientific applications such as the detection of the temporal and spatial changes of atmospheric pollution, the estimation of emission sources, and the assimilation and verification of models. USTC’s tropospheric NO2 column concentration product, through the secondary calibration of the OMI original measurement spectrum and the key optimization of the gas inversion algorithm, shows a good correlation in the comparison and verification with the results of ground-based observations. Analysis of air pollution in the background of sol. Combined with USTC’s OMI NO2 data product, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of atmospheric NO2 pollution in Xinjiang, China, can be characterized. From 2007 to 2017, NO2 pollution in Xinjiang was concentrated in northern Xinjiang. Among them, the “Urumqi-Changi-Shihezi” urban agglomeration (“Wuchangshi” area) had a strong correlation with the monthly change of the overall NO2 level in Xinjiang (correlation coefficient R=0.942, p-value<0.01). The inter-annual change of NO2 in Xinjiang has obvious phase characteristics, which is consistent with the changes in relevant policies and energy industry emissions: the changing trend is not obvious from 2007 to 2010, the overall average concentration in 2014 increased by 18.5% compared with 2010, and the “Wuchangshi” area increased by 41.3%, in 2017, the overall average concentration of NO2 decreased by 26.4% compared with 2014, and “Wuchangshi” decreased by 42.8%. Due to the dense distribution of petrochemical enterprises and economic development zones in the “Wuchangshi” area, it has become a NO2 pollution gathering area, which has a strong correlation with Urumqi and Changi NO2 changes (R=0.982, p-value<0.01; R=0.951, p-value<0.01). Controlled by the heating period’s emissions and the special meteorological conditions, the peak of NO2 change in the “Wuchangshi” area in December, and the winter pollution is particularly significant. The heating period (from October to early April each year) has a significant upward trend from 2007 to 2016 (Significance level α=0.01), which requires special attention in future atmospheric governance.