Fig. 1. Schematic of polarization alignment of PMF. (a) Axis-fixed process; (b) axis-fixed system
Fig. 2. Front-back creeping phenomenon of end face during fiber rotation
Fig. 3. Transformation of coordinate system. (a) Original image; (b) transformed image
Fig. 4. Coordinate transformation of actual image. (a) Original image; (b) transformed image
Fig. 5. Steps for symmetry evaluation (θ=l)
Fig. 6. Schematic of steps for pyramid searching
Fig. 7. Actual image of fiber end face
Fig. 8. Six groups of simulated image samples. (a) Group A; (b) group B; (c) group C; (d) group D; (e) group E; (f) group F
Fig. 9. Detection results of six groups of images
Fig. 10. Detection results for two algorithms under different lighting conditions. (a) Good lighting condition; (b) medium lighting condition; (c) poor lighting condition
Fig. 11. Detection results for two algorithms under different defocus distances. (a) 20 μm; (b) 40 μm; (c) 60 μm
Parameter | Diameter or length /pixel | Parameter | Diameter or length /pixel |
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Diameter of fiber cladding (D) | 720 | Center distance (L) | 322 | Length of long axis (2a) | 228 | Core diameter (d) | 39 | Length of short axis (2b) | 211 | | |
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Table 1. Size of fiber end face
Group | A | B | C | D | E | F |
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Image noise /(yes or no) | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | Radius of fuzzy circle /pixel | 0 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 12 | Number of impurities | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | Difference in gray level between stress area and non-stress area /(gray scale) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 18 | 16 |
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Table 2. Parameters of fiber end face for six sets of images
Group | Standard deviations σθ /(°) |
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SRP | SE |
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1 | 0.0585 | 0.0510 | 2 | 0.1442 | 0.0346 | 3 | 0.0868 | 0.0465 | 4 | 0.0373 | 0.0027 | 5 | 0.0956 | 0.0484 | 6 | 0.0895 | 0.0383 | 7 | 0.0585 | 0.0285 | 8 | 0.0974 | 0.0437 | 9 | 0.0388 | 0.0148 | 10 | 0.0717 | 0.0271 | Mean | 0.0778 | 0.0336 |
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Table 3. Standard deviation comparison between SRP and SE algorithms