Fig. 1. Scattering phase function P₁₁ and linear polarization degree -P₁₂/P₁₁ of six ice crystal models at three wavelengths. (a)(g) Plate ice crystal model; (b)(h) solid columnar ice crystal model; (c)(i) hollow columnar ice crystal model; (d)(j) ice crystal model with solid bullet rosette type; (e)(k) ice crystal model with hollow bullet rosette type; (f)(l) ice crystal model with plate polymer type

Fig. 2. Back Monte Carlo simulation of photon transmission in aspherical atmosphere with absorbing boundary conditions

Fig. 3. Photon path under spherical atmosphere

Fig. 4. Relationship between atmospheric reflectance and difference between ice cloud and zenith angle under two atmospheric modes. (a) Reflectance; (b) differences of two atmospheric modes

Fig. 5. Atmospheric reflectance and degree of polarization of ice clouds at three wavelengths for different ice crystal models. (a)(b) Atmospheric reflectance and degree of polarization of ice clouds for plate and plate polymer ice crystal models; (c)(d) atmospheric reflectance and degree of polarization of ice clouds for solid and hollow columnar ice crystal models; (e)(f) atmospheric reflectance and degree of polarization of ice clouds for ice crystal models with solid and hollow bullet rosette types

Fig. 6. Variations in atmospheric reflectance and degree of polarization of ice clouds with view angle at different optical thicknesses,effective radii, and ice water contents. (a)(b) Atmospheric reflectance and degree of polarization of ice clouds at different optical thicknesses; (c)(d) atmospheric reflectance and degree of polarization of ice clouds at different effective radii; (e)(f) atmospheric reflectance and degree of polarization of ice clouds at different ice water contents

Fig. 7. Variations in atmospheric reflectance and degree of polarization of ice clouds with view angle at different relative azimuths and surface albedos. (a)(b) Atmospheric reflectance and degree of polarization of ice clouds at different relative azimuths; (c)(d) atmospheric reflectance and degree of polarization of ice clouds at different surface albedos