Bacteria-related diseases, environmental pollution and other issues have attracted enough attention. Meanwhile, with the use of antibiotics, bacteria evolved strong drug resistance forcing people to develop new antibacterial agents urgently. Natural enzymes such as lysozyme and myeloperoxidase have significant antibacterial ability. However, natural enzymes own limitations such as short shelf life and high production costs. Besides, they are difficult in applying to large-scale production. Therefore, people are seeking alternatives to natural enzymes. Nanozymes are a new generation of artificial enzymes which have unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials and enzyme-like catalytic activity. Because of structural stability and low production cost, they are widely explored. This article reviews the antimicrobial mechanism and the recent progress of nanozymes in antibacterial research, and, finally, gives some prospects for future research.