To enhance the capacitive performance of supercapacitors,NiMoO₄ electrode materials were synthesized by applying a molybdenum source to the nickel foam (NF) surface using irradiation technology. The morphology,microstructure,and electrochemical properties of the materials were optimized by varying the absorbed dose. The in situ synthesized NiMoO₄ on an NF surface is an effective anode material for supercapacitors,demonstrating impressive energy storage capabilities. Its specific capacitance reaches 586.1 C/g at a current density of 1 A/g. It maintains a specific capacitance of 361.5 C/g at 15 A/g,resulting in a performance retention of 85.6%. Furthermore,the material retains a specific capacitance of 533.4 C/g with a capacity retention rate of 91.6% after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles,indicating strong cycling stability. The NiMoO₄ electrode material was combined with activated carbon (AC) to create a hybrid supercapacitor,NiMoO₄//AC. This device,operating at a maximum voltage of 1.7 V,exhibited a high energy density of 44.5 Wh/kg at a power density of 800.0 W/kg. The specific capacitance of the device remained at 93.2% after 5 000 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 10 A/g. This study demonstrated that NiMoO₄ electrode materials,prepared via irradiation,possess excellent electrochemical properties and significant application potential,offering a novel approach for designing high-efficiency,low-cost supercapacitor electrodes.