In the coastal zone of China, natural resources are abundant and various, and very important to the coastal economy. To date, a systematic division of natural resources in coastal zone in the world is still lacking, which hinders cross-regional comparison and comprehensive evaluation of natural resources. For the purpose of systematic and scientific evaluation of the natural resources, their types, distributions, and control factors are basic parameters to be observed. This article summarized coastal natural resources distribution characteristics and examined the influencing factors, such as climate, the type of coastal zone, and power, which affect the development and distribution of natural resources. Based on these factors, the hierarchical division of natural resources in the coastal zone of China is discussed. The Chinese coastal zone is divided into four natural resources districts: the Yellow Sea to Bohai Sea coastal district, the East China Sea coastal district, the Southeast coastal district, and the Hainan Island coastal district and 16 coastal natural resources belts. At last, the article described the characteristics of natural resources in each district and belt. The results may be useful for the evaluation and rational development and utilization of natural resources in the coastal zone.