Author Affiliations
1College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China2Industrial Technology Research Institute of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, Chinashow less
Fig. 1. Morphologies of powders. (a) Ni60A powder; (b) TiC powder; (c) Ni60A-25%TiC composite powder
Fig. 2. Schematic of geometrical size of single-track cladding layer
Fig. 3. Sectional morphologies of samples after single-track cladding. (a) S1 sample; (b) S2 sample; (c) S3 sample; (d) S4 sample; (e) S5 sample; (f) S6 sample; (g) S7 sample; (h) S8 sample; (i) S9 sample
Fig. 4. XRD patterns of composite coating. (a) S3 and S5 coatings; (b) S7 and S8 coatings
Fig. 5. Friction coefficient curves, abrasion loss and wear rate of different samples. (a) S1 and S2 samples; (b) S3 and S4 samples; (c) S5 and S6 samples; (d) S7 and S8 samples; (e) S9 and S10 samples; (f) abrasion loss and wear rate
Fig. 6. Three-dimensional worn morphologies of different samples. (a) S1 sample; (b) S2 sample; (c) S3 sample; (d) S4 sample; (e) S5 sample; (f) S6 sample; (g) S7 sample; (h) S8 sample; (i) S9 sample; (j) S10 sample; (k) surface roughness and wear depth
Fig. 7. Microscopic morphologies of worn surface of different samples. (a) S1 sample; (b) S2 sample; (c) S3 sample; (d) S4 sample; (e) S5 sample; (f) S6 sample; (g) S7 sample; (h) S8 sample; (i) S9 sample; (j) S10 sample
Fig. 8. EDS analysis of worn surface. (a) S3 sample; (b) S10 sample
Fig. 9. Cross-sectional EDS analysis of S3 sample
Fig. 10. XPS analysis of S3 sample
Element | Mass fraction /% |
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20CrMnTi | Ni60A |
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C | 0.17-0.23 | 0.6-1.0 | Si | 0.17-0.37 | 3.0-4.5 | Mn | 0.80-1.10 | | Cr | 1.00-1.30 | 14-17 | Ti | 0.04-0.10 | | B | | 2.5-4.5 | Fe | | ≤5 | Ni | | Bal. |
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Table 1. Chemical composition of 20CrMnTi substrate and Ni60A powder
Level | Laserpower /kW | Scanningspeed /(mm·s-1) | Power feeding rate /(g·min-1) |
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Factor A | Factor B | Factor C |
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1 | 1.4 | 5 | 15 | 2 | 1.6 | 6 | 18 | 3 | 1.8 | 7 | 21 |
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Table 2. Factors and levels of orthogonal experiment
Sample | Microhardness /HV |
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S1 | 1225 | S2 | 996 | S3 | 1252 | S4 | 1067 | S5 | 1105 | S6 | 1156 | S7 | 1157 | S8 | 1031 | S9 | 1071 |
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Table 3. Microhardness of cladding layer surface
Dilution rate | Score |
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6%-20% | 100-92 | 21%-25% | 90-82 | 26%-30% | 80-72 | 31%-35% | 70-62 | 36%-40% | 60-52 | 41%-45% | 50-42 | 46%-50% | 40-32 | 51%-55% | 30-22 | 56%-60% | 20-12 | 61%-65% | 10-2 | 0%-6% | 0-100 |
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Table 4. Dilution rate score table
Average microhardness /HV | Score |
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1335-1300 | 100-90 | 1300-1265 | 90-80 | 1265-1230 | 80-70 | 1230-1195 | 70-60 | 1195-1160 | 60-50 | 1160-1125 | 50-40 | 1125-1090 | 40-30 | 1090-1055 | 30-20 | 1055-1020 | 20-10 | 1020-985 | 10-0 |
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Table 5. Microhardness score table
No. | Sample | Factor | Response value | Comprehensive score |
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A | B | C | Dilution rate /% | Microhardness /HV |
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1 | S1 | 1(1.4) | 1(5) | 1(15) | 41.3 | 1225 | 142.74 | 2 | S2 | 1(1.4) | 2(6) | 2(18) | 43.8 | 996 | 72.47 | 3 | S3 | 1(1.4) | 3(7) | 3(21) | 21.5 | 1252 | 150.93 | 4 | S4 | 2(1.6) | 1(5) | 2(18) | 46.0 | 1067 | 94.43 | 5 | S5 | 2(1.6) | 2(6) | 3(21) | 43.0 | 1105 | 106.12 | 6 | S6 | 2(1.6) | 3(7) | 1(15) | 54.4 | 1156 | 121.74 | 7 | S7 | 3(1.8) | 1(5) | 3(21) | 45.3 | 1157 | 122.02 | 8 | S8 | 3(1.8) | 2(6) | 1(15) | 62.4 | 1031 | 83.29 | 9 | S9 | 3(1.8) | 3(7) | 2(18) | 50.8 | 1071 | 96.60 | K1 | 122.05 | 119.73 | 115.92 | | | | K2 | 107.43 | 87.29 | 87.83 | | | | K3 | 100.64 | 123.09 | 126.36 | | | | R | 21.41 | 35.80 | 38.52 | | | |
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Table 6. L9(33) orthogonal test results and analysis
Source | Degree of freedom | Sum of squares of deviations | Mean square |
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Error | 2 | 143.5 | 71.73 | A | 2 | 718.2 | 359.09 | B | 2 | 2344.8 | 1172.41 | C | 2 | 2381.9 | 1190.97 |
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Table 7. Analysis of variance of comprehensive score