[1] El Mashade M B, Toeima A H. Performance characterization of spatial diversity based optical wireless communication over atmospheric turbulence channels[J]. Radioelectronics and Communications Systems, 2018, 61(4): 135-152.

[2] Djordjevic I B, Denic S, Anguita J, et al. LDPC-Coded MIMO optical communication over the atmospheric turbulence channel[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2008, 26(5): 478-487.

[3] Hajjarian Z, Fadlullah J, Kavehrad M. MIMO free space optical communications in turbid and turbulent atmosphere[J]. Journal of Communications, 2009, 4(8): 524-532.

[4] Wang H Q, Wang X, Lynette K, et al. Performance analysis of MIMO wireless optical communication system with Q-ary PPM over correlated log-normal fading channel[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2018, 102: 153-159.

[5] Mesleh R, Mehmood R, Elgala H, et al. Indoor MIMO optical wireless communication using spatial modulation[C]//Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2010: 1-5.

[6] Yu X B, Qiu S N, Wang C. Research status and prospect for spatial modulated MIMO technique in wireless communications[J]. Journal of Data Acquisition & Processing, 2017, 32(3): 440-453.

[7] Basar E, Wen M W, Mesleh R, et al. Index modulation techniques for next-generation wireless networks[J]. IEEE Access, 2017, 5: 16693-16746.

[8] Chau Y A, Yu S H. Space modulation on wireless fading channels[C]//IEEE 54th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Fall 2001. Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37211), 2001: 1668-1671.

[9] Freudenberger J, Rohweder D, Shavgulidze S. Generalized multistream spatial modulation with signal constellations based on Hurwitz integers and low-complexity detection[J]. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 2018, 7(3): 412-415.

[10] Qu W L, Zhang M, Cheng X, et al. Generalized spatial modulation with transmit antenna grouping for massive MIMO[J]. IEEE Access, 2017, 5: 26798-26807.

[11] Mesleh R, Haas H, Ahn C W, et al. Spatial modulation-a new low complexity spectral efficiency enhancing technique[C]//Proceedings of 2006 First International Conference on Communications and Networking in China, 2006: 1-5.

[12] Di Renzo M, Haas H, Ghrayeb A, et al. Spatial modulation for generalized MIMO: challenges, opportunities, and implementation[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2014, 102(1): 56-103.

[13] Mesleh R, Elgala H, Haas H. Optical spatial modulation[J]. Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2011, 3(3): 234-244.

[14] Mesleh R, Elgala H, Mehmood R, et al. Performance of optical spatial modulation with transmitters-receivers alignment[J]. IEEE Communications Letters, 2011, 15(1): 79-81.

[15] Mesleh R, Elgala H, Hammouda M, et al. Optical spatial modulation with transmitter-receiver alignments[C]//Proceedings of 2011 16th European Conference on Networks and Optical Communications, 2011: 1-4.

[16] Popoola W O, Poves E, Haas H. Spatial pulse position modulation for optical communications[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2012, 30(18): 2948-2954.

[17] Olanrewaju H G, Popoola W O. Effect of synchronization error on optical spatial modulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2017, 65(12): 5362-5374.

[18] Olanrewaju H G, Thompson J, Popoola W O. Performance of optical spatial modulation in indoor multipath channel[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2018, 17(9): 6042-6052.

[19] Fath T, Haas H, Di Renzo M, et al. Spatial modulation applied to optical wireless communications in indoor LOS environments[C]//Proceedings of 2011 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2011: 1-5.

[20] Fath T, Klaue J, Haas H. Coded spatial modulation applied to optical wireless communications in indoor environments[C]//Proceedings of 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2012: 1000-1004.

[21] Masuda K, Kamakura K, Yamazato T. Spatial modulation in layered space-time coding for image-sensor-based visible light communication[C]//Proceedings of 2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2016: 1-6.

[22] Xu K, Yu H Y, Zhu Y J. Channel-adapted spatial modulation for massive MIMO visible light communications[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2016, 28(23): 2693-2696.

[23] Wang J Y, Zhu J X, Lin S H, et al. Adaptive spatial modulation based visible light communications: SER analysis and optimization[J]. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2018, 10(3): 7903814.

[24] Wang J Y, Ge H, Zhu J X, et al. Adaptive spatial modulation for visible light communications with an arbitrary number of transmitters[J]. IEEE Access, 2018, 6: 37108-37123.

[25] Yesilkaya A, Cogalan T, Panayirci E, et al. Achieving minimum error in MISO optical spatial modulation[C]//Proceedings of 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2018: 1-6.

[26] Pham H T T, Chu D B, Dang N T. Performance analysis of spatial PPM-based free-space optical communication systems with Gaussian beam[C]//Proceedings of 2014 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC 2014), 2014: 144-148.

[27] Ozbilgin T, Koca M. Optical spatial modulation over atmospheric turbulence channels[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2015, 33(11): 2313-2323.

[28] Pham H T T, Dang N T. Performance improvement of spatial modulation-assisted FSO systems over Gamma-Gamma fading channels with geometric spreading[J]. Photonic Network Communications, 2017, 34(2): 213-220.

[29] Abou-Rjeily C, Kaddoum G. Optical spatial modulation for FSO IM/DD communications with photon-counting receivers: performance analysis, transmit diversity order and aperture selection[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2019, 37(9): 2053-2068.

[30] Wang H Q, Song L H, Cao M H, et al. Compressed sensing detection of optical spatial modulation signal in turbulent channel[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2018, 26(11): 2669-2674.

[31] Wu L, Cheng J L, Zhang Z C, et al. Low-complexity spatial modulation for IM/DD optical wireless communications[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2019, 31(6): 475-478.

[32] Gong Y X. Research on indoor visible light MIMO wireless communications based on space shift keying[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2014.

[33] Gong Y X, Ding L W, He Y J, et al. Analysis of space shift keying modulation applied to visible light communications[C]//IET International Conference on Information and Communications Technologies (IETICT 2013), 2013, 3: 503-507.

[34] Abaza M, Mesleh R, Mansour A, et al. The performance of space shift keying for free-space optical communications over turbulent channels[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 2015, 9387: 93870V.

[35] Abaza M, Mesleh R, Mansour A, et al. Performance analysis of space-shift keying over negative-exponential and log-normal FSO channels[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 2015, 13(5): 051001.

[36] Jaiswal A, Bhatnagar M R, Jain V K. BER analysis of optical space shift keying in atmospheric turbulence environment[C]//Proceedings of 2016 10th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), 2016: 1-6.

[37] Jaiswal A, Bhatnagar M R, Jain V K. On the ergodic capacity of optical space shift keying based FSO-MIMO system under atmospheric turbulence[C]//Proceedings of 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2017: 1-7.

[38] Jaiswal A, Bhatnagar M R, Jain V K. Performance evaluation of space shift keying in free-space optical communication[J]. Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 2017, 9(2): 149-160.

[39] Jaiswal A, Bhatnagar M R, Jain V K. Performance of optical space shift keying over gamma-gamma fading with pointing error[J]. IEEE Photonics Journal, 2017, 9(2): 7200716.

[40] Jaiswal A, Abaza M, Bhatnagar M R, et al. An investigation of performance and diversity property of optical space shift keying-based FSO-MIMO system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2018, 66(9): 4028-4042.

[41] Jaiswal A, Bhatnagar M R, Jain V K. Partially informed transmitter-based optical space shift keying under atmospheric turbulence[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2019, 18(8): 3781-3796.

[42] Popoola W, Poves E, Haas H. Generalised space shift keying for visible light communications[C]//Proceedings of 2012 8th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks & Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), 2012: 1-4.

[43] Wang X F. On the performance of space shift keying modulation for visible light communications[D]. Xi’an: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2014.

[44] Popoola W O, Poves E, Haas H. Error performance of generalised space shift keying for indoor visible light communications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2013, 61(5): 1968-1976.

[45] Popoola W O, Sinanovic S, Nistazakis H E. Enhancing the error performance of optical SSK under correlated channel condition[C]//Proceedings of 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC), 2016: 7-11.

[46] Fu H S. Research on spatial modulation for visible light communications[D]. Zhengzhou: The PLA Information Engineering University, 2014.

[47] Fu H S, Zhu Y J, Cai W B. Study on optical multiple active antennas space shift keying[J]. Journal of Signal Processing, 2014, 30(7): 842-847.

[48] Popoola W O, Haas H. Demonstration of the merit and limitation of generalised space shift keying for indoor visible light communications[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2014, 32(10): 1960-1965.

[49] Kadampot I A, Park K H, Alouini M S. Precoded generalized space shift keying for indoor visible light communications[C]//Proceedings of 2014 3rd International Workshop in Optical Wireless Communications (IWOW), 2014: 85-89.

[50] Bian R, Videv S, Griffiths A D, et al. Experimental demonstration of generalised space shift keying for visible light communication[C]//Proceedings of 2017 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSea-Com), 2017: 1-5.

[51] Olanrewaju H G, Thompson J, Popoola W O. Generalized spatial pulse position modulation for optical wireless communications[C]//Proceedings of 2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall), 2016: 1-5.

[52] Alaka S P, Narasimhan T L, Chockalingam A. Generalized spatial modulation in indoor wireless visible light communication[C]//Proceedings of 2015 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2015: 1-7.

[53] Zhu Y J, Fu H S, Cai W B. Low complexity adaptive generalized spatial modulation for visible light communication[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition), 2015, 45(6): 2080-2084.

[54] Stavridis A, Haas H. Performance evaluation of space modulation techniques in VLC systems[C]//Proceedings of 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communication Workshop (ICCW), 2015: 1356-1361.

[55] Xiao S F. Research on MIMO technology in visible light communication system[D]. Zhengzhou: The PLA Information Engineering University, 2014.

[56] Basar E, Panayirci E, Uysal M, et al. Generalized LED index modulation optical OFDM for MIMO visible light communications systems[C]//Proceedings of 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2016: 1-5.

[57] Nguyen N T, Nguyen Q T, Nguyen N H. The index-based optical spatial modulation scheme in optical MIMO[C]//Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC), 2016: 191-196.

[58] Yesilkaya A, Basar E, Miramirkhani F, et al. Optical MIMO-OFDM with generalized LED index modulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2017, 65(8): 3429-3441.

[59] Kumar C R, Jeyachitra R K. Power efficient generalized spatial modulation MIMO for indoor visible light communications[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2017, 29(11): 921-924.

[60] Kumar C R, Jeyachitra R K. Dual-mode generalized spatial modulation MIMO for visible light communications[J]. IEEE Communications Letters, 2018, 22(2): 280-283.

[61] Cao M H, Song L H, Wang H Q, et al. Low-complexity OB-MMSE detection algorithm for generalized wireless-optical spatial modulation[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2019, 39(12): 1206002.

[62] Wang H Q, Li Y T, Cao M H, et al. Layered optical spatial modulation in turbulent channels[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2019, 39(7): 0706001.

[63] Zhang Y, Wang H Q, Cao M H, et al. Enhanced optical spatial modulation in wireless optical communication[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2020, 40(3): 0306001.

[64] Jaiswal A, Bhatnagar M R, Soni P, et al. Differential optical spatial modulation over atmospheric turbulence[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 2019, 13(6): 1417-1432.

[65] Khallaf H S, Elfiqi A E, Shalaby H M H, et al. On the performance evaluation of LQAM-MPPM techniques over exponentiated Weibull fading free-space optical channels[J]. Optics Communications, 2018, 416: 41-49.