A simple, rapid and mild condition method for preparing ZnO@SiO2 core-shell structures quantum dots is reported. Particle sizes，ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption and emission spectra are characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet spectrometry, fluorescence spectroscopy (FL), nanometer particle size analyzer and ZETA potentials techniques. The results show that ZnO@SiO2 core- shell structures quantum dots with particles sizes from 3 to 5 nm, it could emit yellow green fluorescence under the excitation of UV- vis light. Its maximum absorption wavelength is 330 nm, whereas the maximum fluorescence emission wavelength is located at 510 nm. The pH, temperature, different metal cations and anion′ s influence on the fluorescence intensity of quantum dots are studied. The results show that when pH≤7, the fluorescence of quantum dots is quenched completely, however, when pH>7, the fluorescence of quantum dots is enhanced with the pH increases, fluorescence intensity reach maximum when pH is 9.0, and then gradually reduce with the increase of pH. Gradually with the increase of temperature fluorescence intensity is reduced, when the temperature is above 50 ℃ fluorescence quenching completely. A valence metal ions has no effect on quantum dot fluorescent intensity, divalent metal ions on the fluorescent weaken degree of order is Fe2+>Mn2+>Cu2+>Pb2+>Co2+>Ba2+>Mg2+ , trivalent metal ions on the fluorescent weaken degree of order is Fe3+＞Cr3+＞Bi3+＞Al3+. Metal ions, such as Fe3+、Fe2+、Bi3+、Cr3+、Mn2+, can make the fluorescence quenching; PO4 3-、HPO4 2-、H2PO4 - ion can make the fluorescence of quantum dots slightly increased; HCO3 -、CO3 2-、CH3COO-、SO3 2- anion can make the fluorescent weaken even quenching; Cl-、SO4 2-、NO3 - ion has no effect on fluorescence almost.