In the near-eye display system of holographic optical waveguide, the carrier wave emitted from the micro-image source is collimated and then coupled into the slab waveguide by input coupling grating. The wave propagates through the upper and lower surfaces of the slab waveguide with total reflection. After reaching the output end, passing through output coupling grating, the wave propagates out of the waveguide and finally reaches the human eye. In order to achieve real image transmission, aspects such as the holographic diffraction efficiency and the field of view are theoretically analyzed and optimally designed. A holographic grating with grating period of 197 nm, grating vector angle of 26°, and thickness of 7.5 μm is fabricated in the laser interference exposure experiment. The peak efficiency of the grating is more than 80%. Combined with waveguide optical design, we realize the image transmission.