Occurrence characteristics and response to El Ni&#241;o of MODIS-based active fires in Indonesia during 2001-2018

Jia LIU; Yihang LIANG; Peng LI; Chiwei XIAO

doi:10.11821/dlxb202009007

Journals >Acta Geographica Sinica >Volume 75 >Issue 9 >Page 1907 > Article

Acta Geographica Sinica
Vol. 75, Issue 9, 1907 (2020)

Occurrence characteristics and response to El Niño of MODIS-based active fires in Indonesia during 2001-2018

Jia LIU^1、2, Yihang LIANG^1、3, Peng LI^1、2, and Chiwei XIAO^1、2

Author Affiliations

¹Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

³School of Earth Science and Resource, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710000, China

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DOI: 10.11821/dlxb202009007 Cite this Article

Jia LIU, Yihang LIANG, Peng LI, Chiwei XIAO. Occurrence characteristics and response to El Niño of MODIS-based active fires in Indonesia during 2001-2018[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(9): 1907 Copy Citation Text

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Fig. 1. Map showing the study area (Indonesia) and topographical features of the land (i.e., islands) and surrounding sea area

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Fig. 2. Spatial distribution of the cumulated occurrence probability of MODIS C6 active fire in Indonesia during 2001-2018

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Fig. 3. The differences in the occurrence probability of MODIS (2001-2018) active fires in Indonesia (a), Kalimantan (b), Sumatra(c), Papua (d), Sulawesi (e) and Java (f)

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Fig. 4. The differences in the occurrence probability of active fires based on MODIS (2001-2018) in the five major islands (Kalimantan, Sumatra, Papua, Sulawesi and Java) of Indonesia

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Fig. 5. Monthly occurrence probability of MODIS active fires in Indonesia during 2001-2018

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Fig. 6. Spatial distribution of the occurrence intensity of MODIS C6 active fire in Indonesia during 2001-2018

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Fig. 7. The difference in the proportions of the occurrence intensity of MODIS C6 active fires in Indonesia during 2001-2018

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Fig. 8. The differences in the occurrence intensity of active fires based on MODIS C6 (2001-2018) under the three levels of occurrence probability in Indonesia

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Fig. 9. Annual changes in the proportions of the active fire between August and October in Indonesia and its five major islands

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月份	12—2	1—3	2—4	3—5	4—6	5—7	6—8	7—9	8—10	9—11	10—12	11—1
2000	-1.7	-1.4	-1.1	-0.8	-0.7	-0.6	-0.6	-0.5	-0.5	-0.6	-0.7	-0.7
2001	-0.7	-0.5	-0.4	-0.3	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3	-0.3
2002	-0.1	0	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.7	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.2	1.3	1.1
2003	0.9	0.6	0.4	0	-0.3	-0.2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4
2004	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
2005	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	-0.3	-0.6	-0.8
2006	-0.8	-0.7	-0.5	-0.3	0	0	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.9	0.9
2007	0.7	0.3	0	-0.2	-0.3	-0.4	-0.5	-0.8	-1.1	-1.4	-1.5	-1.6
2008	-1.6	-1.4	-1.2	-0.9	-0.8	-0.5	-0.4	-0.3	-0.3	-0.4	-0.6	-0.7
2009	-0.8	-0.7	-0.5	-0.2	0.1	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.7	1.0	1.3	1.6
2010	1.5	1.3	0.9	0.4	-0.1	-0.6	-1.0	-1.4	-1.6	-1.7	-1.7	-1.6
2011	-1.4	-1.1	-0.8	-0.6	-0.5	-0.4	-0.5	-0.7	-0.9	-1.1	-1.1	-1.0
2012	-0.8	-0.6	-0.5	-0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0	-0.2
2013	-0.4	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3	-0.4	-0.4	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2	-0.3
2014	-0.4	-0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.1	0	0.2	0.4	0.6	0.7
2015	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.8	1.0	1.2	1.5	1.8	2.1	2.4	2.5	2.6
2016	2.5	2.2	1.7	1.0	0.5	0	-0.3	-0.6	-0.7	-0.7	-0.7	-0.6
2017	-0.3	-0.1	0.1	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.2	-0.1	-0.4	-0.7	-0.9	-1.0
2018	-0.9	-0.8	-0.6	-0.4	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.7	0.9	0.8

Table 1. Global Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) since 2000

分组	发生概率
低概率组	1/18	2/18	3/18	4/18	5/18	6/18
中概率组	7/18	8/18	9/18	10/18	11/18	12/18
高概率组	13/18	14/18	15/18	16/18	17/18	18/18

Table 2. The classification criteria of occurrence probability of active fire

级别	强度范围(次/a)	对应格网数量范围
1级	1	337816
2级	2~3	72230~17785
3级	4~7	7709~1269
4级	8~12	811~141
5级	13~22	97~13
6级	23~165	6~1

Table 3. The classification criteria of occurrence intensities of active fire

级别	强度范围(次/a)	有火区及在各岛占比(%)
级别	强度范围(次/a)	有火区	苏门答腊岛	加里曼丹岛	巴布亚岛	苏拉威西岛	爪哇岛
1级	1	75.88	70.48	74.35	81.76	85.57	89.59
2级	2~3	20.22	23.59	21.61	16.74	13.61	9.35
3级	4~7	3.38	5.06	3.59	1.28	0.68	0.70
4级	8~12	0.43	0.74	0.38	0.16	0.09	0.12
5级	13~22	0.08	0.12	0.07	0.06	0.02	0.15
6级	23~165	0.01	0.01	0.00	0	0.03	0.09

Table 4. The proportions of MODIS active fires under varied occurrence intensities in Indonesian "fire-affected areas" and its five major islands during 2001-2018

多年平均占比	苏门答腊岛	加里曼丹岛	巴布亚岛	苏拉威西岛	爪哇岛	全境
所有年份	49.04	81.73	64.87	59.58	55.75	64.37
正常年份	43.47	80.01	69.04	55.78	57.93	61.03
厄尔尼诺特征年	63.14	90.29	71.63	71.38	61.28	77.78
厄尔尼诺非特征年	43.92	76.78	48.71	50.25	44.65	56.04

Table 5. The average proportions of the active fire that happened between August and October in Indonesia and its five major islands

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