• Chinese Optics Letters
  • Vol. 23, Issue 6, 060603 (2025)
Mithilesh K. Mane1,2, Amjad Ali1,2,3, Riffat Tehseen1, Arfan Mahmood1, and Jing Xu1,2,3,*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Optical Communication Laboratory, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
  • 2Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
  • 3Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan 316021, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/COL202523.060603 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Mithilesh K. Mane, Amjad Ali, Riffat Tehseen, Arfan Mahmood, Jing Xu, "Magnetic actuation of paramagnetic liquids for optical beam steering in high-speed optical wireless communications," Chin. Opt. Lett. 23, 060603 (2025) Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    This study examines paramagnetic liquids for optical beam steering in optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. By employing magnetic actuation, effective optical beam control was achieved for both free-space optics (FSO) and underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). Experimental findings revealed that dysprosium nitrate provided the highest beam steering angles of 5.99° in the ±X direction and 5.73° in the ±Y direction. Additionally, power loss analysis indicated minimal absorption and scattering for dysprosium nitrate and gadolinium nitrate. The system achieved high-speed data rates of 2.1 Gbps for FSO and 1.9 Gbps for UWOC systems, showcasing the promise of this technology.
    M=χmH.

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    Mithilesh K. Mane, Amjad Ali, Riffat Tehseen, Arfan Mahmood, Jing Xu, "Magnetic actuation of paramagnetic liquids for optical beam steering in high-speed optical wireless communications," Chin. Opt. Lett. 23, 060603 (2025)
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