Space-based broadband limb ozone profile remote sensing is a new type space optical remote sensor. Based on the requirements of broadband, large dynamic range, a new method of sounding the broadband limb imaging spectrum simultaneously is proposed. The method uses a filter to change the intensity of entrance signal. Using an off-axis parabolic telescope and off-axis aspheric spectral imaging system, broadband limb ozone profile sounder is designed, which uses a prism as a dispersive element. The working waveband is from 290 nm to 1000 nm, the field of view of is 1.4°×0.032°, the focal length is 80 mm, and the relative aperture is 1/6. Optimization design and performance evaluation are performed by ZEMAX-EE software. The maximum of root mean square for spot radius is 6.2 mm, and less than half size of pixel. The spectral resolution is 0.9 nm at 290 nm, the spectral resolution is 22 nm at 1000 nm, and both of them satisfy the requirement of specification. The modulation transfer function for different wavelengths of limb ozone profile sounder is more than 0.82 at characteristic frequency 7.4 lp/mm. The design results satisfy the requirements of imaging quality, the volume is small, the mass is low, and it is suitable for the application of space-based remote sensing.