The large-caliber Fresnel diffraction lens can be produced by the multiple segmented lens splicing method, yet the splicing error has effects on the image quality of the optical system. The database of piston and tip-tilt error and corresponding wavefront error Zernike coefficient of the segmented lens along its own x' axis tilt, y' axis tilt, z'-axis piston is obtained by means of diffractive ray tracing and wavefront reconstruction method. The nonlinear coupling mapping model of the Zernike coefficient and the corresponding piston and tip-tilt error is established with the database based on back-propagation neural network optimization algorithm. We can accomplish the quick solution to the piston and tip-tilt error coupling disturbance by inputting the Zernike coefficients, and determine the magnitude and direction of the piston and tip-tilt error by the symbol of values. The model is simulated numerically, the accuracy and reliability of the analytical method are verified. This work provides theoretical basis for the coplanar detection and adjustment of the segmented diffractive lens.